摘要
本文结合一些民族学资料,对小孤山出土骨鱼镖的用途、使用方法等有所探讨,并讨论它与新石器时代骨鱼镖的关系。
A harpoon unearthed in Xiaogushan site, Haicheng, Liaoning province in 1983, is the detachable head of the fishing tool, which appeared in the Late Palaeolithic Age. It is the earliest harpoon found in China. It is formed of head, body and end parts. The head and the end parts are not intact, but the original shape of the harpoon is clear. Barbs are on both sides of the head part, and a wood handle and a rope can be fixed on the end part. According to the ethnological material, harpoons were used for fishing and hunting. As an animal was stabbed with the harpoon, it would struggle and the harpoon would be separated from the wood handle. The more the animal struggles, the more deeply the harpoon stabs. It is hard for the animal to escap. When the harpoon is detached from its handle; it is still linked by a rope, with which the fishing or hunting man can catch the animal.
The detachable head harpoon may be developed from a tool with sharp point which can be thrown. A lot of harpoons were found in Magdalenian Culture, but their shapes are not exactly similar with Xiaogushan, and the date of Xiaogushan is a little earlier than that of Magdalenian. A large number of detachable head harpoons found in Neolithic sites of China are similar with Xiaogushan harpoon, but these harpoons are more advanced. It would be proved that the detachable head harpoons of neolithic were developed from Xiaogushan harpoon.
The harpoon unearthed in Xiaogushan is important at least in three points. First, among the harpoons found in China, Xiaogushan harpoon is the earliest and the most intact. It offers a clue to study the method of use and development of the detachable head harpoon as well as relation with the detachable head harpoon of neolithic. Second, Xiaogushan harpoon is a rather fine tool, and it must have been developed from simple ones, so we are looking forward to finding more archaeological materials. Third, the harpoon reflected that in the Late Palaeolithic stage the compound hunting tool began to be used for fishing. It made the fishing technique improved and the man could get more food.
出处
《人类学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
1991年第1期12-18,共7页
Acta Anthropologica Sinica
关键词
鱼镖
骨鱼镖
小孤山
Harpoon
Detachable head harpoon
Xiaogushan
