摘要
盐构造的形成必然伴随着流体的活动 ,盐构造和流体构成了一个有机的反馈系统。含盐盆地中主要的流体类型有含盐热流体、烃类流体、富金属热流体及同生水和大气水等。盐构造在流体流动中起着重要的作用 :( 1)改造流体动力系统 ,包括密度驱动和超压驱动 ;( 2 )提供复杂的流体流动的通道网络 ,主要由盐丘上部的地堑式断裂簇和流体底辟通道、盐体 /围岩接触断裂等构成 ;( 3 )规定流体流动域———特定的流体赋存的特定的空间 ;( 4 )捕获流体共同运动。对于油气而言 ,盐构造既提供了油气运移的驱动力和运移通道 ,又提供了丰富的圈闭。在此基础上文中概括了盐构造、流体流动及油气运移和聚集相互关系的模式。地震剖面上的特征反射、岩心中的脉体、流体包裹体以及流体的理、化参数的空间变化等 ,可以帮助示踪与盐构造相关流体的流动路径 ,追溯流体流动的历史 ,认识油气成藏的过程。
Salt tectonics is always accompanied with fluid movement. A related feedback system is formed between salt tectonics and fluids. Fluids in basins mainly include saline hot fluid, hydrocarbon, metal\|enriched thermohaline, partial syngenetic water and underground water. Salt tectonics plays an important role in fluid flow by (1) changing the driving force system, which induces density\|driven and overpressure\|driven system; (2) providing a complex pathway framework, which is composed by graben\|typed fault families, fluid diapir structural avenues above salt domes, and contact faults between salt bodies and adjacent rocks, and so on; (3) limiting fluid flow domain (or field), which is defined as a special space developing special fluids and their activity; (4) entrapping the petroleum in pre\|existing pools and impelling it to remigrate and re\|accumulate; and (5) changing the physical and chemical features of fluids by salt dissolution. For petroleum, salt tectonics provides not only driving force and pathways of petroleum migration, but also abundant traps of petroleum. A model summarizing the relationships of salt tectonics, fluid flow, and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation is proposed based on it. The information integrating seismic reflective features, veins in drilling core, fluid inclusions and physical and chemical features of fluids, can help to trace pathways and histories of fluid flow and process of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.
出处
《地学前缘》
EI
CAS
CSCD
2001年第4期343-349,共7页
Earth Science Frontiers
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 49872 0 45 )
关键词
盐构造
油气运移
流体示踪
流体流动
油气聚集
salt tectonics
saline hot fluid
hydrocarbon
migration and accumulation
fluid trace
