摘要
20世纪人类积累了大量的生物学、分类学和生物地层数据 ,这些数据的积累使得进化论和门德尔遗传学结合起来 ,如遗传学和物种起源、分类学和物种起源、演化的速率和模式、分支系统学等的运用使得古生物学在研究方法上有了新的进展。并提出了 2 1世纪古生物学的战略重点。
During the past century we have accumulated an enormous amount of basic biological, taxonomic and biostratigraphic data. This enormous accumulation has made possible major advances in evolutionary theory. For example, Dobzhansky's (1937) 'Genetics and the Origin of Species', Mayr's (1942) 'Systematics and the Origin of Species', and Simpson's (1944) 'Tempo and Mode of Evolution'. Hennig's (1950) development of phylogenetic systematics, 'cladistics,' has made for a methodological revolution. Work on the Early Cambrian 'explosion', Phanerozoic extinctions and adaptive radiations make it possible for the paleontologist to begin to recognize macroevolutionary patterns and problems. The concept of 'punctuated equilibrium' as viewed by Eldredge and Gould (1972) as a challenge to darwinism, but this has since proved not to be the case in the opinion of many geneticists. China during the past century has become increasingly the world leader in providing unique insights into life of the past. The unique Chengjiang marine fauna and the distinctive organisms associated with the feathered dinosaurs have attracted worldwide attention. These biotas are radically changing ideas on the history of life. Work on biostratigraphic questions globally has resulted in the developent of an increasingly reliable chronostratigraphy. The unique character of the continuous marine stratigraphic record in South China has provided an excellent place with which to establish global GSSP standards. We suggest that the following four possibilities for future work during coming decades be seriously considered: (1) Work on the relation between potentially co-evolved organisms and geological evidence for changing physical environments. This work might find out just how seriously environmental changes have affected evolutionary changes through time. (2) Based on the excellent, presently available Chinese data we can investigate more deeply into the macroevolutionary process, involving such things as the cause(s) of adaptive radiations and extinctions. It is possible that the present macroevolutionary models based largely on data from the present, may be oversimplifications that may be considerably altered after paleontological data has been considered more carefully. (3) We need to take advantage of the very detailed Chinese biostratigraphic data for improving much of the presently too approximate global correlations. As indicated above, additional work will probably lead to the approval of additional GSSP standards situated in China. (4) We are well situated to make real breakthroughs by combining the results of solid, basic paleontology at which we excel, with molecular biology, where we are just beginning our efforts.
出处
《地球科学进展》
CAS
CSCD
2001年第5期624-628,共5页
Advances in Earth Science
