摘要
就经纱上浆机理、上浆方式和浆料应用３个方面的国内外进展情况作了回顾与分析。说明在这个领域内我国与国际先进水平有一定差距，但差距还不是很大。文中也提出了今后发展方向的一些个人看法，供参考。过去，经纱上浆目的是增强、保伸与耐磨，然而近２０年来，在我国已公认上浆目的是耐磨和贴伏毛羽。上浆方式过去有溶剂上浆、泡沫上浆、高压上浆等。近年来，主要进展是在预湿上浆、冷上浆、拖浆式上浆和在线检测等方面。近年来，在新浆料的开发与研究方面，可以说进展不大，估计在今后一段较长时间内，也不会有惊人的新浆料出现。现在国内外主要使用的仍然是变性淀粉、聚乙烯醇和丙烯酸类等三大类浆料。
In the past decade, both domestic and foreign experts who make researches on warp sizing have been engaged in not only size development and size application but also sizing method and sizing process. Years of devoted researches led to achievements. In the past, warp sizing was designed to reinforce warps' elongation and wear resistance. Textile mills therefore used to evaluate sized yarns referring mainly to ratio of reinforcement and ratio of elongation. However, it has been known in China since 20 years ago that sizing targets wear resistance and hairiness adhesion. The evaluation was then made with reference to adhesivity, wear-resistance times and hairiness reduction. During the course of the study for developing new sizes, adhesivity between fiber and size is determined conventionally in the principle of similarity and compatibility often used in chemical industry. Researches on sizing method and sizing process have a long history. Solvent sizing, foam sizing and high-pressure sising were typical in that period. From then on, the cardinal progress lies in aspects of pre-wetting sizing, cold sizing, single thread sizing and on-line monitoring, and the researches on which have achieved high sizing effect, low size consumption, lower costs and reduced pollution. High-pressure sizing has been promoted for extensive application. China's textile industry has affrmed the advantage of 'two up and one down' sizing process. Pre-wetting sizing is now a hot spot worldwide but it is yet to be further improved through application. There is no substantial progress in the development of new sizes and it is predicted that nothing surprising will come out in a long period from now on. The current researches focus on how to reduce the chemical pollution caused by size materials, resulting in 'green sizes' on market. Another trend is to improve and optimize the sizing and environment-protection properties of the existing sizes. Most of the sizes currently used at home and abroad are made conventionally from modified starch, polyvinyl alcohol or acrylic acid, but the types and application forms have been improved. Modified starch still gains the lead in consumption while acid-soluble starch covering the most. Acetate starch is a very practical type of size and grafted starch will resume its former position. PVA will continue to share certain market with its sizing properties despite of its environmental problems and PVA of low molecular will be more and more used, however, their biodegradability is an important research topic. The sizes made from acrylic acid, as their consequent problem of shed clinging has been solved, enjoy increasing consumption and more types have been developed.
出处
《纺织导报》
CAS
2001年第5期110-114,116,共6页
China Textile Leader
