摘要
特种纤维与传统纤维相比，其最大特性是具有优异的力学性质、稳定的化学性质和理想的机械性质，膨胀系数小，成形精度高，重量轻，耐腐蚀，耐高温，耐弱酸弱碱及苯酚、甲酸、甲醇等有机溶剂。
Aramid fibers (PPTA and Nomex Fibers), carbon fibers and optical fibers invented in the 1960s and 1970s were the pioneer of specialty fibers. Since then, aramid fibers, have played a unique role in modern industrial application, developed through years into a practical stage and occupied an important place in the national economy. In early days, specialty fibers were mainly used in the field of aviation/space and for military purpose. Specialty fibers are so-called high-tech fibers which now have a wide range covering high-tenacity polyethylene fibers, polyarylate fibers, PPS fibers, PBI fibers, polyimide fibers, PEEK fibers, PBO fibers and polyacetals fibers. In comparison with the traditional fibers, these newly developed fibers have a few notable advantages such as good mechanical properties, stable chemical properties and ideal physical properties. They are reflected in low expansion coefficient, high build-up precision, light-weighted and good resistance to corrosion, high temperature, weak acid and weak alkali as well as some organic solvents such as phenol, methanoic acid and methanol. They are applied to modern industries in the forms of not only fabrics, but also fibers and composite materials. However, they should find their proper applications in accordance with their specifications, application conditions and strict requirements. Thus, specialty fibers face an absolute customer-oriented buyer's market. A trading organization has to extensively investigate and get better understanding of the characteristics of these fibers as well as related testing technology and production process. Production expansion and application promotion in a hasty way should be avoided. Generally speaking, the specialty fibers for industrial application have been practically used, but they are still confined by costs and production scale, as they are not so widely applicable as conventional polyester fibers, produced only in small scale and at high costs. The raw materials for specialty fibers are currently produced mainly in industry-developed countries. The practical application of specialty fibers has helped to promote development of intellectual economy and created certain conditions for adjustment of industrial structure at the turn of century. Specialty fibers are very important materials for national defense and development of economy. Some countries going through with adjustment of industrial structure have heavily invested in production of specialty fibers. In China, development of specialty fibers is also strongly supported as a key project in the Tenth 'Five-Year Plan'.
出处
《纺织导报》
CAS
2001年第5期104-106,共3页
China Textile Leader
