摘要
连续 4a研究表明 ,黄土区旱坡地枣园 ,以 3年生枝为单位拉枝修剪是控制树体生长发育 ,调节养分、水分的合理分配 ,平衡生长与结果的主要修剪方法。生长期枣树幼树以 3年生枝为单位拉枝整形 ,可迅速培养骨干枝和各类结果枝组。同时因枝条粗壮充实 ,二次枝有效结果部位高 ,在成形的过程中提高了产量 ;利用新生枣头分流营养 ,抑制枣股萌发 ,培养的结果枝组质量高 ,丰产稳产。生长结果期拉枝 ,主要是对骨干枝和大型结果枝组的更新替代 ,利用枣树拉枝后 2～ 3a不促发分枝的习性 ,促进枝组快速更替 ,使果实负荷均匀分布。盛果期枣树拉枝 ,主要用于骨干枝和大型结果枝组的及时更新复壮 ,维持生长与结果的最佳平衡。更新骨干枝 ,既能增强树势 ,平衡结果 ,又可提高成形中的产量 ;更新结果枝组 ,利用新生枣头分流营养 ,延长结果枝组寿命。以 3年生枝为单位拉枝整形 ,平衡了树势 ,到 8年生时 。
Continual four years studies show that in jujube garden of arid hillside field in loess hills area, the pruning method of pulling the 3-year-old branch as a unit is a major one of controlling plant growth and development, regulating the rational distribution of nutrition and moisture, and balancing the growth and fruiting. The young plant of jujube in growing phase was trained by the pruning method of pulling the 3-year-old branch as a unit, which can fast develop the backbone branches and all kinds of fruiting branch, and raise the fruit yield in training process because of the thick and substantial branches as well as more valid fruiting sections in second lateral branches. By means of dividing nutrition flow using new shoot to repress germination of the fruiting sections, the developed fruiting branch sections have high quality and high and stable yield. The pruning method is mainly applied to the backbone branches and large fruiting branch section’s renewing at the plant in growing and fruiting phase, using the unshooting habit of the branches after pulling treatment for 2 to 3 years, it can fast replace branch sections, increase fruit yield in the process of replacing, make the fruit locate in every part of the branch. In flourishing fruiting phase, the method is used in the backbone branches and large fruiting branch section’s replacing and becoming strong timely to keep the growth and fruiting even best. In backbone replacing, it can strengthen the tree power and balance the fruiting, and it can also raise the yield in the process of renewing; in fruiting branch section’s replacing, it can use new shoot to divide the nutrition flow to prolong the fruiting branch section’s life. The training by the pruning method of pulling the 3-year-old branch as a unit balances the tree power, at the age of eight, the yield per tree is still higher than that through usual training.
出处
《东北林业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第4期113-119,共7页
Journal of Northeast Forestry University
基金
国家"九五"科技攻关项目
关键词
黄土丘陵
旱坡地
枣树
密植园
3年生枝
拉枝修剪
Loess hills
Close planting garden of arid hillside field
3-year-old branch
Branch-pulling pruning
