摘要
从对 2 0世纪 90年代以来国际上干旱区生态系统重建与经济可持续发展理论、方法、技术、成功经验、政策与管理措施等的分析中得出如下进展 :世界各国都在普遍推行国民经济的生态化与经济社会活动的生态化 ,普遍把生态重建转变成一种政府行为 ;采用了一系列生态重建与经济可持续发展研究的新方法 ;初步建立起生态重建与经济可持续发展的指标体系 ;开始加强生态预报 ,建立生态安全监控预警系统 ;开始研究国家生态安全地理定位 ,并制定国家外部生态安全战略 ;涌现出了一系列生态重建与经济可持续发展的实用技术。
The ecological menaces are becoming the most serious ones in the world during global economic development in new century.Much progress had been made in international ecological reconstruction and in theories,means,techniques,successful experiences and measures of policy and management of economic sustainable development in arid regions since 1990.\;The motif of international ecological conference in 1995 was to sparkplug that the ecological ways of national economy.The ecological economic systems including of ecological agriculture,ecological industry,ecological tourist were established.\;In order to quicken course of ecological reconstruction and economic sustainasble development in arid region,researchers in many countries complemented a series of techniques of bio\|techniques,engineering and management early or late,such as free furrow and farmland covering techniques in American,ecological agricultural techniques in Argentina,crossed stockbreeding techniques in Mongolia,group fostering and seducing change techniques in Botswana and Zambia,buiding bio\|barrier techniques in India.\;The representative index systems of ecological reconstruction and economic sustainable development were index systems of ecological reconstruction and stable development,evaluating appraisal of ecological reconstruction,natural ecological load of ecological reconstruction and class of ecological intension of ecolgical reconstruction.\;Intensify ecological forecast and constructed inspecting systems has been initiated in advance of ecological safety.The research of ecological forecast was implemented firstly in Russia;occident countries did it from different aspects.Basing on ecological forecast,many countries constructed different kinds of characteristic inspecting systems in advance of ecological safety,the main works were inspecting measurement of ecological state,inspecting control of ecosystem of nature effect and man\|made,inspecting control of extraordinary ecological condition,inspecting measurement of resource safety and inspecting measurement of physical basic sciences.\;New ways of ecological reconstruction and economic sustainable development comprehensively were adopted.The modern means of science and technology,such as GIS,aptitude techniques,DSS,and so on were applied into the practice of ecological reconstruction and economic sustainable development.New study ways,such as method of terrestrial ecological analysis,terrestrial ecological zonation,ecological stress map,ecological gerographical appraisal,ecological safe degree,ecological instable index were brought into play of ecological reconstruction and ecological safety.\;To research national geographical orientation of eological safety and contituted national exterior stratagem of ecological safety was carried out.Geographical orientation of ecological safety depended on internal and external factor,and the external factors was more important.The geographical orientation of ecological safety was effected by ambience.The research was mainly to analyses the regional ecological function in the global ecosystem,stability of natural environment affected by human activities,the space distribution of population,matter,culture,rare natural sights,ecological sources from outside of the country or region and natural and man\|made diffusive ways of ecological calamity,and to constitute scientific national exterior stratagem of ecological safety.\;In order to decrease the ecological menace,U.N.and many governments constituted kinds of ecological reconstruction organizations took reconstruction measures to relieve the harm that ecological menaces affected people health,regarded ecological reconstruction as government activity and were implemented by government designedly.Such as GEMS,GOOS,GCOS,the ecological safe center of academy of sciences in Russia,the research network of ecosystem in America,Britiain,Canada and Germany were established.\;Many countries and areas had taken distinct accomplishment in ecological reconstruction and accumulated some experiences and lessons by making
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第7期1163-1170,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目 ( 49871 0 35)
中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目( KZCZ-0 9) ( KZCX1 -0 8)资助
关键词
生态重建
经济可持续发展
西北干旱区
ecological reconstruction
economic sustainable development
arid region of North west China
use for reference
