摘要
目的 探讨 1998年洪灾对鄱阳湖区血吸虫病传播的影响 ,评价灾年和灾后 1年的防治效果。方法 收集分析 3个代表性水文站的洪涝水情 ;调查湖区 8县血防干预策略实施状况 ;监测 42个抽样村和 13个固定观察点在强化防治措施下的疫情变化。结果 1998年鄱阳湖最高水位 2 2 .5m,达历史顶点 ,有螺洲滩普遍提前淹水 10 0余 d,2 34座圩堤溃决、漫顶或涝淹 ,圩内 90 0余万 hm2农田受损 ,5 0余万居民长期被洪水包围 ;全年发生急性血吸虫病 15 7例 ,人、畜感染率并无回升 ,钉螺和感染螺密度显著低于 1997年 ;1999年共发生“急感”34例 ,耕牛感染率与 1998年相仿 ,居民感染率、钉螺和感染螺密度开始回升 ;1998和 1999年“平垸行洪”和“退田还湖”村圩内未查获钉螺。结论 鄱阳湖区灾年及灾后疫情稳定 ,应归因于强化干预措施、卫 贷款项目奠定的血防基础和某些自然因素的综合作用 ;洲滩钉螺的繁殖在灾年处于抑制状态 ,但灾后 1年开始复苏 。
Objective To clarify the influence on schistosomiasis induced by flood disaster in Poyang Lake region in 1998 and to evaluate the effects of control measures in the flood year and following year. [WT5”HZ]Methods [WT5”BZ]The data of water level in Poyang Lake were collected to analyze the flood situation. The intervention measures and the performed conditions were observed to assess the strength of schistosomiasis control in 8 counties. The endemic situations were monitored in 42 sampling villages and 13 cohort study sites. [WT5”HZ]Results [WT5”BZ]In 1998,the highest water level in Poyang Lake reached to 22 5 m, most of snail ridden areas were flooded more than 100 days earlier than that in usual years, and 234 dikes were broken with more than 500000 persons suffered. The acute schistosomiasis was reported to be 157 cases in 1998, similar to the average in past 5 years, and the standardized infection rates in residents and in cattle were no significant different from that in 1997. The densities of snail and infected snail were marked lower than that in 1997. In 1999,the infection rate in cattle was similar to that in 1998 and 34 cases of acute schistosomiasis occurred, while the infection rate in residents, the density of snail and infected snail showed an increasing tendency. No snail was found inside dikes in the areas of “breaking dikes or opening sluice for water store” during the period from 1998 to 1999. [WT5”HZ]Conclusion [WT5”BZ]The prevalence of schistosomiasis in Poyang Lake region was stable after serious flood in 1998,it might be contributed to the strengthened intervention,achievements of control in past years and some natural factors. However some endemic indicators began to rebound one year after flood disaster.
出处
《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2001年第3期141-146,共6页
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control
基金
国家重点科技项目(国家计委1999-0 4)
