摘要
目的 了解我国中小学生的早餐行为现状及早餐食物种类。方法 利用 1 992年全国营养调查的资料 ,对我国 1 771 9名中小学生早餐食用的食物种类进行分析。结果 按照谷类、豆类、肉类、奶类和蔬菜、水果对食物分类 ,3d早餐平均有 92 .5 %的学生食用了谷类食物 ,50 .6 %食用了蔬菜、水果 ,1 9.0 %食用了肉类食物 ,食用豆类、奶类的比例很低 ,仅为 6 .7%和 4 .7%。小学生早餐食用肉类、奶类和谷类的比例略高于中学生。小学男生早餐食用蔬菜、水果的比例略低于女生 ,饮用奶类的比例略高于女生。乡村中小学生早餐食用谷类和蔬菜、水果类食物的比例明显高于城市学生 ,食用肉类、奶类的比例均低于城市学生。少数民族中小学生早餐食用豆类、肉类食物的比例低于汉族中小学生 ,饮用奶类的比例明显高于汉族中小学生。我国中小学生早餐组成的主要模式是“谷类 +蔬菜、水果”和“谷类”。城乡中小学生每天早餐食用了 4类及 4类以上食物者仅有 0 .9% ,仅食用 1～ 2类食物的比例高达 87.0 %。结论 我国中小学生的早餐食物种类单调 ,结构不合理 。
Objective In order to have a better understanding of the food variety and patterns of breakfast of Chinese students. Methods Data collected from the 1992 China National Nutrition Survey were analyzed. A total of 17 719 students aged 6～17 years living in 29 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions were studied. Results The percentage of Chinese students who consumed grains, fruits and vegetables, meat products, and milk at breakfast was 92.5, 50.6, 19.0, 6.7, and 4.7 respectively. Grains were the most popular food group consumed at breakfast, while milk was consumed least frequently. Two main breakfast patterns were “fruits, vegetables, and grains” pattern and “grains only” pattern, and these patterns covered 70.4 percent of the students. Eighty seven percent of students ate no more than two food groups, while only 0.9 percent of the students consumed four or more food groups. Elementary students drank milk more frequently than high-school students did. Among elementary students, consumption of fruits and vegetables was more common in females than in males, but milk consumption was more common in males than in females. The percentage of students consumed grains together with fruits and vegetables at breakfast was higher in rural areas than in urban areas, whereas the percentage of students consuming meat and milk was lower in rural areas than in urban areas. Han nationality students consumed soy products and meat more often, but consumed milk less often than minority students. All the above differences observed were statistically significant. Conclusions Chinese students consume a low variety of food groups at breakfast. Therefore, ways for diversifying breakfast food groups were discussed.
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2001年第3期196-199,共4页
Chinese Journal of School Health
