摘要
198 9～ 1998年间 ,对 46只不同年龄阶段的笼养川金丝猴 (Rhinopithecusroxellana)的外形、生理、行为等特征进行了比较。根据不同年龄阶段个体的综合特征 ,川金丝猴的发育期可划分为 5个年龄段 :婴幼阶段 ,少年阶段 ,青年阶段 ,亚成年阶段和成年阶段。观察发现 ,从出生到青年阶段 ,雌雄在体形大小和体重方面增长速度很接近。然而 ,从青年阶段开始 ,雄性的增长速度超过雌性。到了成年阶段 ,成年雄性的体重、坐高、尾长、头围、犬齿齿冠及被毛长度明显大于雌性 ,成年雌性的体重仅为成年雄性的 5 4% ,表现出显著的性二型性。雌性 3 6± 0 5 (n =5 )岁出现月经 ,其开始成功繁殖的年龄为 4～ 6岁 ;雄性 6 5 (n =4)岁出现射精行为 ,其开始成功繁殖年龄为 7～ 8岁。此外 ,对川金丝猴所特有的嘴角瘤的观察发现 ,雄性进入性发育年龄阶段后开始长出嘴角瘤 ;嘴角瘤大小随年龄增长而逐渐增大 ,直到性成熟。而雌性川金丝猴多无此结构或只有一个约绿豆大的痕迹。因此 ,嘴角瘤可以作为雄性川金丝猴性成熟的标志 ,是成年雄性川金丝猴的副性征。
Morphological and physiological characteristics, and behavior of 46 captive Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) were studied during 1989～1998 at the Beijing Center for Breeding Endangered Animals. 28 of these animals were born at this center, with their birth dates and parents being recorded. Body length, weight, canine teeth length and upper-lip wart size of these animals were measured from time to time respectively. Reproductive behavior of all individuals over the age of 2 was observed, and the occurrence of the first menarche and solicitation of the females and the first mating and ejaculation of the males was recorded. Based on these characteristics, the life span of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys was classified into 5 developmental stages: infant, juvenile, adolescent, sub-adult and adult. The ages of these five stages are as follows:infant, 0～1 year; juvenile, 1～3 years for females and 1～4 years for males; adolescent, 3～4 years for females and 4～6 years for males; sub-adult, 4～6 years for females and 6～8 years for males; adult, older than 6 years for females and older than 8 years for males. Our study revealed that from infancy to the juvenile stage, the increase in body size and weight in both sexes was comparable. However, beginning at the adolescent stage, the rate of development was greater in males than in females. In the adult stage, sitting height, tail length, head circumference, canine teeth length and hair length were each greater in adult males than in adult females, and the average weight of adult females was 54% of that in adult males. The adult male and the adult female displayed remarkable sexual dimorphic. Menarche in females was observed at the age of 3.2～4.5(3.6±0.5,n=5) years, and females started to give birth at the age of 4～6(5.0±0.7,n=5) years, 80% of those started to give birth before 5 years old. Males displayed noteworthy ejaculation at the age of 6.5 years, and the earliest age of successful reproduction in this sex was 7～8 years. Additionally, observation of the upper-lip warts revealed that this unique structure, existing only in males, began to emerge at the age of 5.4～6.1 years, and then grew larger and larger until the age of 6.3～7.0 years when the upper-lip warts were about 2.4×0.9×0.9 cm. Thus, the upper-lip warts could be considered a sign of males' sexual maturity, or a secondary sexual trait of adult males.
出处
《动物学报》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第4期381-387,共7页
ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA
基金
中国科学院生命科学与生物技术创新青年科学家小组和中科院重要创新方向 (KSCX2 1 0 3)项目资助&&
关键词
川金丝猴
发育阶段
形态特征
繁殖行为
笼养
性成熟
Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana), Developmental age stages, Morphological traits, Reproductive behavior
