摘要
The nucleotide scquence of tRNAphe gene of Carp mitochondria was determined. Sequence comparisons made among Whale,Human,Xenopus laevis, Bovine, Mouse,Chicken and Carp revealed a novel conservative structure in the D. stem (dihydrouridine stem),which is known to vary in other vertebrate mitochondrial and eytoplasmic tRNA genes.This conservative structure contains 13 bp. When the first 7 bp of the conserviative structure were compared with the A domain recognized by RNA Pol III, we noticed partial homology between these two kinds of sequences among different species. In view of the tRNAphe gene's close position to the D loop,it is reasonable to expect extraordinary functions in this novel conservation structure.
在脊椎动物线粒体基因组的研究中，迄今为止已测定了人、牛、大鼠、爪蟾、鲸鱼、海豹、鸡等动物线粒体基因组的全序列。结果表明，脊椎动物线粒体基因组结构排列非常紧密。２２个ｔＲＮＡ基因分布于结构基因和ｒＲＮＡ基因之间，并随其临近的基因一起转录，随后被精确地剪切下来，继续加工成熟。线粒体ｔＲＮＡ与细胞质ｔＲＮＡ相比有许多不同之处，如：Ｄ环碱基数目明显减少；ＴΨＣ环中缺少Ｔ５４－Ｃ－Ｐｕ－Ａ序列；且各个臂上有高比例的碱基错配；同时在线粒体ｔＲＮＡ中Ａ＋Ｕ含量很高。目前有报道指出线粒体中某些ｔＲＮＡ三叶草结构的变化与物种的进化相关联，但这一说法是否具有普遍性尚须探讨。我们最近完成了鲤鱼线粒体ｔＲＮＡｐｈｅ基因的结构分析（图一），并将其与上述已报导的几种脊椎动物线粒体ｔＲＮＡｐｈｅ基因进行了比较（表一），发现这些ｔＲＮＡｐｈｅ基因的Ｄ臂上都存在一个１３ｂｐ的强保守区，而其它２１种线粒体ｔＲＮＡ基因上的这一区域却是最不保守的。我们将此保守区前７个碱基与真核生物ＲＮＡＰｏｌⅢ识别的Ａ区相比较，发现ＲＮＡＰｏｌⅢ识别的Ａ区的３个强保守碱基在碱基类型与碱基排列位置上完全与此保守区相同（图二）。考虑到ｔＲＮＡｐｈｅ基因在线粒体基因组?
