摘要
简 要介绍了 长江１９９８ 年洪涝灾 害的成 因，提出充 分调用“土壤水 库”是实现 防治洪 涝灾害 的重要途 径之一 。“土壤水 库”库容 大、下 泄快。 长江 流域 的侵 蚀劣 地“土 壤水 库”需要 承受更 多的拦蓄 雨水任 务，但这些 侵蚀劣 地土壤 区存 在着 调用“土 壤水 库”的障 碍。 土壤 遭受 侵蚀后 致使“土 壤水库”库 容损失 严重，雨水 进入“土 壤水 库”的 通道 受阻 。充 分调 用“土壤 水 库”实现 长江流域 防洪减 灾的措施 应包括建 立保土 保水的地 表植被 系统，分类 整治侵 蚀劣地土 壤，疏浚 入渗“土 壤水库”的通道，以 及重视 调用一个 比三峡 水库库容 大得多的“土壤水 库”。
The reasons for flood calamity of the Yangtze River in 1998 were briefly introduced at first. It would be one of important measures that the “soil reservoir” was used for controlling flood in the Yangtze River water. “Soil reservoir” has a large storage capacity and its water was rapidly discharged in time. In the eroded infertile soils of the Yangtze River watershed there was an obstacle to the use of “soil reservoir”, that is, the storage capacity of “soil reservoir” had been severely lost because of soil erosion. Some measures to control flood in the Yangtze River watershed were suggested by using “soil reservoir”. These measures include: rehabilitation of vegetation with preserving soil and water on the eroded infertile soils, the entrance to “soil reservoir” dredged by controlling with different eroded soil types, using “soil reservoir” of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River bigger much more than the reservoir of the Three Gorges.
基金
国家自然科学基金
