摘要
首先从水土流失加剧、森林破坏、坡耕地面积增多、工程活动增加产沙量等方面，分析了人为活动对长江流域生态环境恶化的影响；其次，从剥蚀与堆积的关系和土壤水库容减少与洪水量增加两个方面，深入探讨了水土流失对洪涝灾害的叠加效应及负面影响；指出水土流失导致了流域环境承受和抗御自然灾害的能力下降，在同量降雨条件下，是诱发和加剧洪涝灾害的重要原因；最后，从技术和政策方面。
In the first, the effects of human action on the ecological environment worsening in Yangtze River basin were analysed based on the analysis of intensify of soil and water losses, destroy of forest, increase of slope farming lands and increament of sediment from engineering construction. In the second, the both overlapping and negative effects of soil and water loss on flood disasters have been studied by means of the analysis of the relationship between the soil erosion and sediment, the relationship between the decline of storage capacity of soil water and the increase of the flood. Consequently, in the eroded area not only is the intensity of runoff increased, but also runoff begins sooner, thus aggravating the potential for flooding and waterlogging. Finally,the major countermeasures and methods for controlling of soil and water losses have been suggested.
关键词
长江流域
水土流失
水土保持
洪涝灾害
土壤水库容
Yangtze River basin
soil and water loss
soil and water conservation
flood disaster
storage capacity of soil water
