摘要
对 90年代中期我国现有煤电链和核电链对健康、环境和气候影响的比较进行了研究。研究的结果是 :( 1)对健康的影响。对公众产生的辐射照射 ,煤电燃料链为 4 2 0人·Sv( GWea) -1,核电燃料链为8.39人·Sv( GWea) -1,煤电燃料链约为核电燃料链的 50倍。就非辐射而言 ,煤电燃料链约比核电燃料链高 1个数量级。对工作人员产生的辐射照射 ,煤电燃料链为 90人· Sv( GWea) -1,核电燃料链为 8.91人·Sv( GWea) -1,煤电燃料链约为核电燃料链的 10倍。从尘肺看 ,煤矿为 2 1.6例 ( GWea) -1,铀矿为 4 .4例 ( GWea) -1,煤矿为铀矿的 5倍。煤电燃料链急性事故死亡率为 35人 ( GWea) -1,核电燃料链为 0 .6人( GWea) -1,煤电燃料链为核电燃料链的 60倍。 ( 2 )对环境的影响。对煤电燃料链 ,可观察到排出 SO2 和NOx 等对森林、农作物等的明显影响。对核电燃料链未发现可察觉的影响。 ( 3)对气候的影响。煤电燃料链温室气体排放系数约为 130 2 g等效 CO2 ( k Weh) -1,核电燃料链为 13.7g等效 CO2 ( k Weh) -1,煤电燃料链为核电燃料链的
Comparative assessment of Potential impacts of existing coal chain and nuclear power chain in China in the middle of 90's period on health, environment and climate have been carried out. The results are as follows: (1) Health impact. Coal chain contributes the radiation exposure of 420 man·Sv(GW ea) -1 to the public, about 50 times of that by nuclear power chain ( 8.39 man·Sv(GW ea) -1 ). Non radiation risk caused by coal chain to the pubic is one order of magnitude higher than that by nuclear power chain. Coal chain contributes the radiation exposure of 90 man·Sv(GW ea) -1 to workers, about 10 times of that by nuclear power chain (8.91 man·Sv(GW ea) -1 ). The cases of pneumoconiosis among coal chain is 21.6 (GW ea) -1 for workers, about 5 times of that in nuclear power chain, 4.4 (GW ea) -1 . Acute mortality caused by accidents in coal chain is 35 persons (GW ea) -1 , about 60 times of that in nuclear power chain, 0.6 (GW ea) -1 . (2) Environmental impacts. The obvious impacts of SO 2 and NO x emission from coal chain on the forest and crops can be observed. No perceivable impacts have been found in nuclear power chain. (3) Climatic impacts. Green house Gas emission factors are 1 302 gCO 2,eq(GWh) -1 , for coal chain, 13.7 gCO 2,eq(kWh) -1 , for nuclear power chain, with the nuclear to coal ratio of 1∶95. (
出处
《辐射防护》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第3期129-145,共17页
Radiation Protection
