摘要
沉积盆地是油气形成与赋存的基本地质构造单元。本文主要从我国各含油气况积盆地的勘探实践出发,总结了对沉积盆地中控制油气赋存的各种因素的认识: 1.在一定的大地构造环境中形成的沉积盆地,若长期持续下沉,则有利于油气的形成; 2.地壳运动的多旋回性导致盆地构造演化与形变的多旋回,并形成多期的生油(气)建造与多种类型的油气藏;3.古气候条件时含油气盆地有较大影响;4.沉积体系、沉积相带及其成岩作用控制油气藏的富集程度;5.沉积建造的多旋回形成生、储、盖的多期组合;6.有机质的烃源岩是生成油气的物质基础,生油凹陷控制油气藏的分布;7.古地温场对油气演化起着重要的作用;8.古隆起是油气运移的指向,水动力对油气的运移和聚集有重要影响;9.区域构造控制油气藏圈闭的构造样式;10.在沉积盆地的演化过程中,生、储、盖,运、圈、保诸条件的有机匹配是油气聚集成为油气藏的关键。文章强调要树立完整的盆地概念,采用不断丰富和完善的理论、技术,按照动态发展的观点来剖析一个含油气盆地,研究油气藏的形成和分布规律,从而有效地指导今后的油气勘探。
A sedimentary basin is the basic geological and structural unit in which oil and gas were generated and distributed. On the basis of the petroleum exploration practice of China's main petroliferous sedimentary basins, the authors present their viewpoints on what controls oil and gas occurrence. 1. For a sedimentary basin which was developed under specific conditions, protracted subsidence was advantageous tO oil and gas generation. 2. Polycyclic crustal movements not only led to polycyclic structural evolution and defor- mation, but also caused polyphase petroleum generation and various types of traps. 3.Paleoclimates had a great effect on petroliferous basins. 4. The extent of oil and gas accumulation was controlled by sedimentary systems, sedi- mentary facies and their diagentism. 5. Polycyclic sedimentation resulted in the polyphase association of source beds, reservoir and seal rock formations. 6. As the material base of oil and gas generation, source rocks and their distribution usu- ally controlled the distribution of oil and gas pools. 7. Paleotemperature had played an important role in oil and gas evolution. 8. Taking the paleo-uplifts as the main direction, oil and gas migration and accumula- tion were seriously affected by hydrodynamic forces. 9. The structural styles of oil and gas traps were controlled by the regional tectonic fea- tures. 10. During the evolution of a sedimentary basin, the configuration of source beds, reser- voir, and seal rock formations, oil and gas migration, trapping and their preservation are the key to the formation of oil and gas pools. In the light of new theories, techniques, and their developments, we should have a com- plete understanding about a sedimentary basin to analyse oil and gas potential and to guide further petroleum exploration
出处
《石油学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1993年第4期1-19,共19页
Acta Petrolei Sinica
