摘要
近几十年来热液矿床领域的重大发现和进展有:格朗松的水在花岗质岩浆中的有限熔融实验,氢、氧等稳定同位素测试技术的应用和非岩浆热液水的确定,蚀变过程中成矿元素活化和富集,海底现代热液成矿作用的发现,很多热液矿床中富钙流体包裹体的存在,岩浆热驱动对流循环成矿模式的提出等。作者研究了与岩浆作用密切有关的典型热液矿床的矿源、水源和热源。研究结果表明,所有这些矿床周围都存在较大范围的成矿元素降低场,且降低场中释放出的成矿金属量与矿床储量大致相当。这表明,成矿金属来自围岩。根据矿石矿物和流体包裹体的氢、氧同位素值,矿床周围较大范围全岩的δO^(18)明显下降,许多热液矿床流体包裹体的富钙特征,热液矿床分布与地层或岩石的透水含水性密切相关等,得出了热液水以表水为主的结论,大陆环境的热液水以大气水演化而成的各种地热水为主。热液的热量主要直接来自与之相邻的岩浆或岩体。在此基础上,提出了三源热液成矿模式,总结出矿床沿矿源、水源和热源产出的分布规律,还阐述了热液矿床预测准测和方法及三种源的标志。
The important discoveries and advances on the field of hydrothermal deposits in recent decades are: Goranson's experiment on limited solubility of water in granite magmas; the application of analytical technique for hydr ogen, oxygen and other stable isotepes leading to the determination of non-magmatic hydrothermal fluid; the mobilization and enrichment of ore-forming metals in the alteration process; the discovery of modern sea floor hydrothermal minera lization; existance of Ca-rich fluid inclusion in many hydrothermal deposits; and the establishment of the model of convective circulation mineralization by energy from magma etc. The author discussed the metal, water and heat sources of hydrothermal deposits based on the studies of the typical hydrothermal deposits closely related to magma. The results indicate that there exists an ore-forming metal depleted zone surrounding, each of these deposits, and the amount of metal released from the depleted zone is close to that of the resereve of the deposit. This proves that the ore-forming metals came from the country rocks. According to the hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of ore mineral and fluid inclusions, the obvious decrease of δO^(18) in the country rocks surrounding the deposits, the Ca-rich fluid inclusions of many hydrothermal deposits and the close relationship between distribution of deposits and water capacity and penetration of strata or rocks lead the author to conclude that the hydrothermal fluid consists mainly of exogene water, in continental environments, geothermal water evolved from meteoric water. The heat energy source directly from adjacent magma or intrusives. Based on the above, a three source hydrothermal mineralization model is proposed and the distribution pattern of ore deposits along metal, water and heat sources is concluded. Moreover, the criterior and methods for prognosis of hydrothermal deposits and indicators of the three sources are described.
出处
《湖南地质》
1991年第2期115-127,共13页
Hunan Geology
关键词
热液矿床
研究
热源
矿源
预测
Hydrothermal deposits
Metal source
Water source
Heat source
Prognosis
