摘要
乙型肝炎是我国重大传染病,乙肝疫苗是预防和控制乙肝病毒感染的流行和传播最有效措施。“九五”期间“乙肝疫苗预防效果研究”证实:我国低剂量单纯乙肝血源疫苗的长期预防效果(新生儿免疫后15年内)持续为90％,新生儿完成全程免疫后无需加强免疫可有效预防乙肝病毒慢性感染而终生受益;乙肝疫苗明显具有免疫选择表面抗原基因变异株的作用;表面抗原基因变异株在未免疫携带者中主要是弱势准种;中国乙肝病毒基因型和血清型的分布有明显的地区性;我国乙肝基因工程疫苗(酵母、CHO)大面积推广使用安全、有效和可行;乙肝基因苗表面抗体阳转率和近期保护效果与相当剂量的血源疫苗效果相似;乙肝基因工程疫苗与50IU乙肝免疫球蛋白联合应用,可将母婴阻断效果提高到90％;我国目前推广乙肝疫苗的成本效益至少为1:35。
Hepatitis B is one of the most important infectious diseases in China. Hepatitis B vaccine is highly efficacious measure in prevention and control of hepatitis B virus infection transmission. Results of ' efficacy study on hepatitis B vaccine in China' have shown that long - term efficacy (for 15 years after vaccination) of plasma - derived vaccine was 90% in preventing chronic HBV infection when vaccine was given soon after birth, booster doses after a 0, 1 - , 6 -month schedule vaccination was not necessary for prevention of chronic hepatitis B virus infection; It seems that minor mutant quasispecies can easily become prevailing phenotypes of hepatitis B virus variants with immunization; Hepatitis B virus variant strains may be pre - existent as minor quasispecies among unvaccinated carriers; There were significant differences in geographic distribution of hepatitis B virus subtypes and genotypes in China; No side - effects and adverse reactions were observed after massive recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Yeast and CHO cell) immunization program; Recombinant hepatitis B vaccines was comparable to plasma - derived hepatitis B Vaccine in sero - conversion rate and short - term efficacy; Three doses recombinant hepatitis B vaccine plus 50IU HBIG (hepatitis B immune globulin) provides greater than 90% protection to infants of both e antigen and surface antigen positive mother; Current cost - benefit rate of massive infant hepatitis B vaccination is over 35 in China.
出处
《医学研究通讯》
2001年第4期12-15,共4页
Bulletin of Medical Research
