摘要
野外降雨径流观测实验研究表明 :土质集水面 (自然黄土坡面、清除杂草自然黄土坡面和夯实集水面 )的降雨产流方式为超渗产流 ,受降雨强度的影响大 ,径流的产生主要是由几次高强度的暴雨引起。此类集水面的年平均集水效率在 7.4%～ 35 .5 %之间 ,因此 ,增大集水区面积是保证土质集水面收集到更多雨水的基本途径。油毡、沥青和混凝土处理集水面的产流过程受降雨量和降雨强度的影响小 ,年平均集水效率在 5 0 %～ 80 %之间 ,但投资成本较高 ,其雨水利用方向是和设施农业相结合 ,修建固定集水面 ,发展高投入高产出农业。塑料膜集水面一次性投入低且平均集水效率较高 ,但寿命较短 ,建议利用简单临时性的移动塑料集水面收集雨水以供大田作物缺水期补灌。
The results of the field experiments indicated that runoff from earth catchments (undisturbed loess slope, clearing loess slope and compacted catchments) occurred as infiltration excess process, and it was mainly depended upon rainfall intensity. Annual runoff mainly produced from a few high intensity rainfall events and the annual runoff efficiency ranged from 7.4% to 35.5%, therefore, more water would be collected from earth catchments by the increase of natural catchment area. The rainfall amount and intensity had little effect on the water yield from asphalt felt, asphalt spraying and concrete treated catchments with a mean annual runoff efficiency of 50%~80% and a high cost. The trend of high efficient use of harvested water for such catchments is to combine the water harvesting system with installation agriculture. The plastic catchment had low cost and higher annual runoff efficiency, but it could not resist radiation and lasted only 4~5 months. So temporarily moveable plastic film catchment can be recommended to use in rainy period in the field or yard for storing rainwater in the cistern for supplementary irrigation.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第1期1-4,共4页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所创新项目
中科院"西部之光"资助项目
