摘要
荣成沿海港湾浅滩,自古以来就是大天鹅的越冬栖息地。主要栖地在马山港、八河港、朝阳港、雀门港,60年代初上万只,文革动乱,数量骤减,加强保护后回升,1989—1990年总数3250只。大天鹅迎着冰雪来,随着冰雪去。冬栖时间近4个月,多生活在海水中,但需要到淡水区饮水,主要食物是大叶藻(水生纤维植物)。初来时每个家族的数量多为4—6只,离去时多为2只,择偶使家族数增多,单个家族的成员个数减少了。迁飞时成大群活动。主要栖地马山港,水面4平方公里,三面陆地环抱,并有沙岗与大海隔开,仅有86米宽的流口相通。这里水净浪轻,大叶藻等水生植物资源丰富,岸边有成片的芦苇丛。这是荣成天鹅湖的主体,有大天鹅2000只。
From ancient time, the harbours and shallows along the Rongcheng coast mainly the Mashan Harbour, Bahe Harbour, Chaoyang Harbour and Quemen Harbour, have been the winter habitat for C. cygnus. The number of C. cygnus reached about 10 thousand individuals in early 1960s. During the period of the 'great cultural revolution', the number decreased significantly, With the strengthening of the protection measures, the number of swans rised again. The total number in the winter of 1989-1990 was 3250.C. cygnus comes in winter and leave in spring. The time of wintering is about four months. They live mostly in seawater areas, but they must drink freshwater. The main food is Zastera marina. When they come here, most families contain 4 to 6 swans. When they leave, most are two-member families. The increase in the number of families and the decrease in the number of family members are resulted from the sponsal selection. C. cygnus migrate in large groups.The main habitat, Mashan Harbour, is surrounded by land in three sides and separated from the sea by a sand hill. Its water area is about 4 square kilometres and there is a 86-metres wide passage connected with the sea. The water is clean and waves are calm. The resources of plants, such as Zastera manina, are abundant. There are tracts of reed along the seashore. Mashan Harbour is the main part of the swan lakes in Rongcheng. The total number of C. cygnus is about 2000.
出处
《海洋湖沼通报》
CSCD
北大核心
1991年第2期57-61,共5页
Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology
关键词
大天鹅
越冬
栖息地
荣成
Cygnus cygnus
winter habitat
Rongcheng
Mashan harbour
