摘要
本文对一种新的生产小苏打方法进行了研究.此方法以芒硝和碳酸氩铵为原料,采用复分解反应生产小苏打,副产品是碳酸铵.根据平衡理论和溶解度理论,选择最佳反应温度和配料比,反应终了,降低温度使碳酸氢钠沉淀后分离出来,母液用硫酸酸化,使碳酸氢铵转化为硫酸铵,碳酸氢钠转化为硫酸钠,硫酸钠低温结晶分离返回使用,母液中的硫酸铵经浓缩、蒸发、结晶、干燥成为副产品.该工艺可以利用我国丰富的天然芒硝资源.工艺过程简单.设备投资少,建厂投产周期短,原料利用率较高,无三废污染.
Three conventional methods could be adopted to produce baking soda.However,in accordance with our method,which is based on the reaction of sodium sulfate and ammonium acid carbonate,baking-soda and the by-product of the ammonium sulfate are produced. According to the theories of equilibrium and solubility,(1)to determine the temperature of the reaction and a proper prescription,(2) to lower the temperature by the end of the reac- tion,in order to precipilate and separate NaHCO_3,(3)to acidify the residual solution (2)with H_2SO_4 after removing NaHCO_3,whereas to make(NH_4)_2 SO_4 from NH_4HCO_3 and Na_2SO_4 from NaHCO_3,are involved in our method.(4)The temperature of the solution of(3) is lowered to crystallize and separate Na_2SO_4,which is used cyclically.(5) The residual solution of(4) is concentrated,with (NH_4)_2SO_4 crystallized.(6) By-product(NH_4)_2 SO_4 is separated from the solution and dried,Simple process,small invest of equipment,short time for the construction of a plant ,higher utilization ratio of materials,and no pollution are the characteristics of our method.
关键词
小苏打
制备
芒硝
碳酸氢铵
sodium sulfate
ammonium acid carbonate
bakimg-soda,ammonium sulfate,technological process
equipment
