摘要
目的 研究乡镇水泥厂的适宜防尘技术 ,以控制尘肺病的发生。方法 采用现场和实验室相结合的综合调研方法。用示踪气体法测抽气罩的效率。按照国家标准 (GB/T 16 15 7 1996 )测定通风管道中的粉尘浓度。采用WY 1型冲击式尘粒分级仪测量各尘源排放粉尘的粉尘粒径分级组成和除尘器的粒径分级除尘效率。结果 (1)工程技术措施方面 :提出了破碎、球磨、烘干、烧窑、物料运输和包装等生产工序的适宜吸尘罩设计 (及通用图集 ) ,可有效地控制这些尘源的粉尘外溢。测定了不同工序排放烟气的特性(烟气的温度、含水量、粉尘浓度、粉尘粒径分级组成等 ) ,研究了多种除尘器的粒径分级除尘效率、阻力等 ,提出了各主要工序最适宜方案 :破碎、磨机工序除尘以旋风加滤袋或静电等 ;烘干窑除尘以旋风加静电或冲击喷雾等 ;立窑除尘以沉降室加静电等 ;包装工序除尘以滤袋或静电等。 (2 )组织措施方面 :完善了职业卫生管理系统 ,包括建立组织机构、加强职业卫生服务、开展专业技术培训和职业卫生教育。强调“有效地控制各尘源处的粉尘 ,防止其向周围扩散”是防止尘肺病发生的最有效方法。结论 提出了乡镇水泥厂的适宜综合防尘技术措施 。
Objective To study the appropriate dust control measures for controlling the incidence of pneumoconiosis in small medium cement plants. Methods Comprehensive surveys of combined field and laboratory tests were carried out.The tracer gas method was used to study the effectiveness of exhaust hoods;dust concentrations in the ventilation pipes were tested according to GB/T 16157 1996.WY 1 In stake Cascade Impacted was used to measure the particle size classification of dusts and the fractional collecting efficiencies of dust collectors. Results (1)In the engineering respect,the appropriate local exhaust hood designs for effectively controlling the dusts from spreading outward in different sources of cement production,including crushing,ball milling,drying,sintering in the kiln,transportation of raw materials and packing,etc. were put forward.The characters of smoke discharge,including smoke temperature,smoke moisture content,dust concentration,dust particle size classification from different processes,and the features such as particle size fractional collecting efficiencies,and resistance,etc. of different dust collectors were investigated.On these bases,the appropriate schemes of dust control for different working procedures were proposed,such as vortex+filtering bag or static electricity for crushing and milling,vortex+static eletricity or impacted spray for drying and sintering in the kiln,precipitating chamber+static electricity for building a kiln,filtering bag+static electricity for packing,etc.(2)In management,the occupational health administration system,including establishing organization,strengthening occupational health supervision service,carrying out specialized technical training and occupational health education were completed.The most effective method to prevent pneumoconiosis was to put the stress on dust control of dust sources to avoid spreading. Conclusion Some appropriate comprehensive dust control measures were proposed to control the dust hazards in small medium cement plant.
出处
《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第1期10-13,共4页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
关键词
乡镇水泥厂
防尘
适宜技术
工业防尘
Small medium cement plant
Dust control
Appropriate techniques
