摘要
采用田间小区定位试验（2011-2012年）研究自然降雨条件下太湖地区典型蔬菜地氮素径流流失特征。结果表明：单茬蔬菜种植季可产生4~9次径流过程,累计径流水量可达1 800~3 528m3/hm2,且与降雨量呈显著线性正相关关系。常规施肥（T1）条件下,菜地TN径流流失量可达38.55~71.79kg/hm2,T2（常规有机肥）和T3（优化施肥）处理可减少TN径流流失量达2.87%~4.06%,处理间差异不显著,同时,可显著降低氮素径流流失系数达22.93%~31.25%。蔬菜地氮素径流流失主要集中在夏秋茬蔬菜雨季和冬春茬蔬菜越冬期,且以NO-3-N形态流失为主,各处理条件下,其流失量占氮素径流流失总量的48.42%~52.53%。同时,夏秋茬蔬菜种植季氮素径流流失量较冬春茬增加51.87%,但其流失系数显著低于冬春茬蔬菜种植季。
Field plot experiment was carried out（2011--2012） to study the characteristics of nitrogen losses by surface runoff in the typical vegetable field of Taihu Lake Basin under natural rainfall conditions. The results showed that there were 4-9 surface runoff events during the single vegetable plant growing period, and the total volume of runoff water reached 1 800-3 528 m^3/hm^2 , which showed a significant linear positive correlation with the rainfall capacity. Under conventional fertilization conditions（T1, the plots applied with chemical fertilizer as in conventional practice）, the total TN losses by surface runoff reached 38.55-71.79 kg/hm^2. Compared with T1 treatment, T2 （the plots applied with chicken manure only） and T3（the plots applied with half chicken manure and half chemical fertilizer） treatments reduced the quantity of TN losses, but no significant difference were found between these treatments. However, T2, T3 treatments significantly reduced the surface runoff coefficient of soil nitrogen, decreased by 22.93%-31.25%. And, soil nitrogen losses by surface runoff in the vegetable field were mainly concentrated in the rainy period of summer-autumn vegetable plant growing season and wintering period of winter-spring vegetable plant growing season, and mainly by the form of NO3 -N, and the quantity of nitrogen losses by NO3--N form reached up to 48.42% -52.53% of TN losses in these treatments applied in the experiment. Furthermore, although the quantity of TN losses by surface runoff in the summer-autumn vegetable plant growing season increased significantly by 51. 87%, compared with which in the winter-spring vegetable plant growing season, but, the surface runoff coefficient of soil nitrogen decreased significantly.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第3期204-208,共5页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003014-02)
关键词
太湖流域
蔬菜地
地表径流
氮
Taihu Lake basin
vegetable field
surface runoff
nitrogen
