摘要
随着区域经济一体化的日益深入与机动车保有量的快速增长,机动车尾气污染已成为影响城市群空气质量的重要威胁。由于大气流动性等原因,大气污染治理的范围亟需从单一城市层面扩展到区域层面,因此,研究区域机动车污染物排放总量的排放特征,并据此提出区域减排的对策措施变得尤为重要和紧迫。京津冀协同发展已上升为重大国家战略,因此,本文以京津冀地区为例,分析2007-2011年的机动车常规污染物(CO,NOx,HC,PM)区域总量的排放特征,并从区域内部的污染物分担率角度,分析不同省市的污染物贡献程度。然后以2012年的区域排放总量为基础,根据地区间的产业结构、经济水平和空气质量差异运用改进的等比例分配方法分配污染物区域总量减排指标,结果表明:京津冀四种污染物总量除个别年份波动外均呈现上升趋势,而从区域内部分担率上看,河北省对污染物排放贡献率呈上升趋势,北京和天津均呈现递减趋势。在2012年的基础上降低10%的目标下,计算得各地区削减率分别为:CO(北京12.4%,天津10.0%,河北77.7%),NOx(北京33.1%,天津11.1%,河北55.8%),HC(北京9.0%,天津5.2%,河北85.8%),PM(北京24.0%,天津13.2%,河北62.8%)。因此,建议将京津冀机动车污染物总量减排的重点放在河北省,加快在河北省内实行更高的机动车污染物排放标准,并加大对新能源汽车的投入,以降低区域机动车污染物的排放总量。
With the regional economy integration and the rapid growth of vehicle population, vehicular emissions proved to be posing a primary threat to the atmospheric environment of urban agglomeration. In consideration of atmospheric flow, the air pollution control should be extended to regional level from one single city. Therefore, it is important and urgent to study the total amount characteristics of regional vehicular emissions and take further step to put forward policy suggestions. Synergetic development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei （BTH） has become the major nation＇ s strategy. Hence, taking BTH Region as a case study, this paper estimated regional total amount characteristics of four normal pollutants （ CO, NOx, HC, PM ） in BTH Region over the period 2007 to 2011, and analyzed the contribution of pollutants in each area in the view of internal pollutant contribution rate. Taking industrial structure, economic level and air quality into account, this study also applied improved proportional distribution method to allocate a given discharge volume based on the total amount of emissions in 2012, which derived from trends of the period studied（2007 -2011 ）. The results showed that the total amount of four pollutants in BTH region presented upward trends on the whole except few fluctuations. In terms of internal area contribution rate, however, the percentage of Hebei rose consecutively, while that of Beijing and Tianjin showed downward trends. In order to reduce the overall regional vehicular emissions by 10% on the basis of the total amount in 2012, the given discharge goal, Hebei estimated to reduce 77.7% of CO, 55.8% of NOx, 85.8% of HC and 62.8%, followed by Beijing （ 12.4% of CO, 33.1% of NOx, 9.0% of HC and 24.0% of PM） and Tianjin （10.0% of CO, 11.1% of NOx, 5.2% of HC and 13.2% of PM）. As a result, it is proposed that Hebei should be given more attention in regional total vehicular pollutants reduction. Some measures such as investing alternative fuel vehicles as well as implementing more strict emission standards should be taken to reduce the total amount of regional vehicular emissions.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第8期141-148,共8页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
教育部人文社科规划项目"大型工业城市低碳发展的途径
模式与对策研究"(编号:11YJA630046)
天津市教委重大项目"天津建设生态宜居城市的策略与评价体系构建研究"(编号:2011ZD031)
天津市高等学校创新团队培养计划资助(编号:TD12-513)
关键词
机动车污染物
排放清单
区域分担率
总量分配
京津冀
area contribution rates
BTH
muhiyear inventories
pollutants reduction allocation
vehicular emissions
