摘要
农业产业化是提高农业生产效率的有效手段,农业产业化模式的优化选择是实现农业经营方式现代化的必由之路。从企业和农户间利益联结紧密程度看,中国农业产业化发展过程中依次出现了"龙头企业+农户"、"龙头企业+农户合作社+农户"、"企业+股份合作社+农户"三类主要模式。本文以图示模型为工具,将三类模式进行了分类归纳描述,并论述了"农户合作社"和"股份合作社"的区别与联系。基于农业规模经营的视角,通过对三类农业产业化模式经营主体间在交易环节和加工环节进行博弈分析,最终得出农户通过股份合作经营可以获得农产品经营的规模效益,实现交易和加工的剩余价值最大化。剩余规模越大,合作主体间的利益越大,双方的合作也越稳定。"龙头企业+农户"是市场机制下靠购销关系将企业和农户联结的农业产业化运作模式,具有灵活多变的特点,但主体间权责关系不明,难以稳定运行;"龙头企业+农户合作社+农户"模式下引入中介合作组织后,经营主体间合作边界条件并没有降低,扩大了经营的规模效应,经营主体间合作可能性增加;"企业+股份合作社+农户"模式采用了现代企业制度的组织方式,经营主体间合作边界条件显著降低,使农户收益由农产品收购深入到农产品深加工领域,扩大了农户利益空间,实现了经营模式的现代化,此模式成为最为稳定的农业产业化模式。三类农业产业化模式的稳定性依次增加,经营主体的收益依次更高,股份合作社模式是农业产业化最优模式。最后,从上述结论出发,提出了我国推进农业产业化的相关建议。
Agricultural industrialization is an effective means to improve the agricultural productivity. Optimal selection of agricultural industrialization model is to achieve an inevitable choice for the development of modem agriculture. Viewing from the point of the compact degree of connection between enterprises and farmers, there are three kinds of main modes successively in the evolution of China＇s agricultural industrialization modes, namely the mode of ＇Enterprises plus Farmers＇ , ＇Enterprises plus Cooperative plus Farmers＇ and ＇ Enterprises plus Stock Cooperative plus Farmers Integration＇. Their respective characteristics and support conditions were analyzed in detail by the tool of graphically model. At the same time, a detailed discussion about the difference and connection is made between ＇ Cooperative＇ and＇ Stock Cooperative＇ Based on large-scale agricultural operations perspective, employing the game analysis method, through the analysis of the management entities of the three kinds of agricultural industrialization modes, this paper holds the view that scale economy of agricultural products transaction and processing links can be achieved through cooperative organizations to gain the surplus in transaction and processing links between Enterprises plus Farmers. The bigger the surplus scale is, the larger the benefits will be got for the cooperative party and the more stable of the cooperation between the two parties will be. ＇Enterprises plus Farmers＇ is an agricultural industrialization mode under the operation of primary ＇buying and selling＇ mode by introduction of market mechanisms, which has flexible features, unknown relationship between entities, which is difficult for stable operation. Under the mode of ＇Enterprises plus Cooperative plus Farmers＇, the boundary conditions of cooperation between management entities have not reduced after introduction of intermediary cooperative organization, furthermore, expand the scale of operations, and increase the possibilities for cooperation between management entities. ＇Enterprises plus Stock Cooperative plus Farmers Integration＇ mode takes modem enterprise management mode as the guide, business cooperation between the main body boundary conditions are significantly reduced, which can expand farmers interests from products transaction to processing, expand the farmers benefit space, improve efficiency of overall operating mode. This mode is the most stable model of agricultural industrialization under current economic situation. Therefore, the stability of the three kinds of modes will increase successively, and the profits of the management entities will be higher in sequence. Cooperative integration mode will be the optimal agricultural industrialization mode. Through the above analysis, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to facilitate China＇ s agricultural industrialization.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第8期114-121,共8页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
山东省高校人文社科研究计划"山东省县域生态城镇化动力机制与发展模式研究"(编号:J13WC58)
关键词
农业产业化
合作社
博弈
最优选择
agricultural industrialization
cooperative
game
optimal selection
