摘要
2010年3月、6月和9月,对鸭绿江口湿地三个重要生物组成部分——底栖动物群落、以涉禽为主的鸟类和人类增养殖活动下的贝类群落开展了调查研究。研究结果表明,潮间带底栖动物群落结构相对简单,以双壳类、腹足类和多毛类为主,其中底表动物以泥螺(Bullacta exarata)为主要优势种,长期来看,潮间带底栖动物优势种群正由迁徙水鸟的饵料生物向非饵料生物方向演替;在鸭绿江口滨海湿地停歇与觅食的水鸟数量有较显著的增加,其中斑尾塍鹬(Limosa lapponica)、大滨鹬(Calidris tenuirostri)和黑腹滨鹬(Calidris alpina)为优势种群,占总数的92.6%,由于鸻鹬类主要集中在潮间带的低潮带下区觅食,并且饵料生物的种群补充能力较强,而滩涂养殖主要集中在潮下带,因此目前当地养殖者的利益和鸻鹬类的觅食矛盾较小;滩涂贝类养殖品种单一,其中菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)的投苗量占总投苗量的80%以上,存在着大规模引进外来养殖贝类、养殖苗种投放和养殖布局不合理等问题,严重破坏了当地贝类品种的自然分布、正常繁衍和生息规律。在鸭绿江口滨海滩涂中,人类出于自身经济发展的需求,过分利用了滨海滩涂的生产功能,而在一定程度上忽视了其生态功能,成为影响滩涂生态系统演变的主要驱动力。
An ecological investigation was conducted on three important biological components that were the benthos, shorebirds and cultured shellfish in wetlands in Yalu River Estuary in March, June and September, 2010. The results showed that the structure of benthic community was relatively simple, dominated by bivalves, gastropods and polychaetes, of which Bullacta exarata had the maximum advantage in the surface species of benthos, and the dominant species had obviously undergone ecological succession by food organisms towards non-feed organisms for migratory shorebirds. The number of shorebirds increased significantly in the wetlands in Yalu River Estuary, of which Limosa lapponica, Calidris tenuirostris and Calidris alpine as the dominant species, accounted for 92.6% of the total amount. The shorebirds mainly concentrated foraging in the lower part of the low tidal zone, beach culture mainly concentrated in subtidal zone and natural food organisms had the stronger supplement ability, so the conflict was relatively small between human and shorebirds. The variety of cultured shellfish was single, of which the dropping seedling quantity of Ruditapes philippinarum accounted for 82.6% of the total amount. The existing problems in cultured shellfish were the large-scale introduction of alien species, the unreasonable dropping seedling and the unreasonable breeding layout.
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第3期374-379,共6页
Wetland Science
基金
海洋公益性行业科研专项项目(201005018)
世界自然基金项目(10000866)资助
关键词
鸻鹬类
底栖动物
滨海湿地保护
鸭绿江口
shorebirds
benthic animal
protection of coastal wetlands
Yalu River Estuary
