摘要
分别论述了从古 DNA、古蛋白质、类脂化合物等古代生物分子的尺度去研究人类的起源和迁移 ,动、植物的家养和驯化过程及早期农业的发展 ,考古点动植物残骸的精确鉴定 ,新的定年技术以及古气候的变化等与考古学相关的许多重要问题。对分子考古学及其应用进行了综述 ,并就在我国开展分子考古学研究提出了展望。
As the development of modern molecular biology, organic geochemistry during past decade,it is possible to use ancient biomolecules including ancient DNA, ancient protein,biomarkers and stable isotopes to answer plenty of archaeology related key problems. This paper mainly reviews ancient biomolecules and its application to archaeology—the emerging field of molecular archaeology. It includes following three main parts:Firstly, ancient DNA preserved in ancient samples younger than 100,000 years can be recovered and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It is possible for us to use ancient DNA for genetic analysis in human origin and migration,precise identification of archaeological remains, plant and animal domestication and development of early agriculture.Secondly, one area of ancient protein research where much greater investment has been made in predictive models of diagenesis, is that of amino acid racemization. The increase in proportion of the non biological (D ) isomer of amino acid relative to L isomer has been widely used in archaeology as a tool for dating. This new dating approach is of great potential in archaeology and forensic medicine.Thirdly, biomarkers such as lipids and bitumen extracted from archaeological materials can reveal secrets of past civilizations. New data also prove that Carbon(C 3, C 4) and Nitrogen stable isotopes document the diet in ancient human populations.Finally, the author also prospect potential fields of molecular archaeology in China.
出处
《地球科学进展》
CAS
CSCD
2001年第2期163-171,共9页
Advances in Earth Science
