摘要
民族地区原住民既是当地旅游活动的重要对象,又是民族文化旅游资源的创造者和传承者。但在旅游扶贫开发和运营中,由于旅游吸引物权规定的"法律真空",缺乏法律制度保障的原住民在与开发商和政府博弈中往往被边缘化,导致经济收益偏低,却要承担旅游开发所产生的各种各样的成本,严重损害了原住民的利益。文章运用赋权与产权理论,对原住民参与旅游开发的弱势地位的核心原因进行了辨析,指出原住民参与处于"无权"或"弱权"状态是因为对旅游者最具吸引力的天然属于原住民所有的原生态民族文化旅游资源产权界定上的法律缺失,提出了加强旅游吸引物权的"确权+流转"为主要内容的法律赋权建议,并分析了赋权后可能产生的消极影响及其防范措施。最后以石泉苗寨为例,具体剖析了法律赋权下的民族地区原住民参与旅游开发的方式与企业的经营机制,以期彻底改变原住民的地位弱势、收益偏低和参与"无话语权"的现状,增加原住民的财产性收益,缓解原住民与开发商之间的矛盾,维护民族地区的和谐稳定。
Confirmation of property rights to eco-cultural and powers of community involvement and income tourism resources determines the qualifications distribution. Equitable benefit distribution mechanisms rely on definitions and confirmation of eco-cultural tourism resources generating interest and assessment of actual value. Indigenous peoples create ethnic cultures through wisdom and hard work, and protect environments through rejection of development. Despite attempts at tourism poverty alleviation, because the ＂legal vacuum＂ doesn＇ t define property rights to tourism resources and lacks legal guarantees, aboriginal people are often marginalized, receiving meager profits. This jeopardizes their interests and creates conflict. To fundamentally change the vulnerable status, low incomes and fights of villagers participating in tourism development, the underlying cause of inequality must be examined, and legal ownership of eco-cultural tourism resources clarified. Using empowerment and property rights theory, this paper examined reasons for the weak position of aboriginal people in tourism development. With cultural resources of aboriginal people becoming popular tourist attractions, lack of legal definitions of property fights results in ＂non-entitlement＂ or ＂de-entitlement＂ of aboriginal participation, rather than through inequality caused by defects in current land systems. The paper suggests a legal opinion on aboriginal empowerment centered on confirming property fights to tourist attractions through the interpretation of empowerment, and analyzes negative influences of legal empowerment and counter-measures. Shiquan Miao village is used as an example of aboriginal participation in tourism development and operational mechanisms of a development enterprise after legal empowerment. An operational mechanism and villager participation model is proposed which aims to increase the aboriginal position in tourism development, to remove their vulnerable status, to increase their income and provide them with a ＂voice＂, all aimed at increasing property revenue for aboriginal people and removing conflict to promote social harmony and stability, and for sustainable development of tourism to reduce poverty in ethnic minority regions.
出处
《旅游学刊》
CSSCI
2014年第7期39-46,共8页
Tourism Tribune
基金
重庆市社会科学规划项目“渝东南民族地区旅游扶贫开发模式及贫困人口受益机制研究”(2011YBJJ022)
教育部人文社科课题“贫困山区原生态旅游中的政策公平问题及影响实证研究”(10YJC630093)
重庆市教育委员会人文社科研究项目“渝东南连片特困民族地区旅游扶贫中的贫困人口受益机制研究”(13SKL04)资助~~
关键词
原生态民族文化
法律赋权
产权界定
利益分配
original ethnic ecological
culture legal empowerment
definition of property rights
income distribution
