摘要
以水文站观测的径流泥沙资料为基础,通过各要素变化趋势分析和突变检验,分析松花江流域径流输沙的年际变化特征及主要影响因素,得出以下主要结论:本区年输沙量递减的站点多位于松花江干流上游和第二松花江下游;递增显著的站点多位于嫩江流域和松花江干流下游。就不同地貌类型而言,输沙量增长趋势为山区>丘陵漫岗区>平原区。1978-1982年间,流域单位降雨造成的输沙量普遍开始显著增加,大量土地开垦和不合理农业活动加速土壤侵蚀是造成这一现象的重要原因。1995-2002年间,超过1/3的流域单位降雨造成的输沙量开始减少,主要是土地利用变化和水保措施实施共同作用的结果。研究成果可为本区水土流失综合治理提供依据。
Severe soil erosion has threatened land resources in Northeastern China.To study the characteristics of temporal variation of sediment yields in the Songhua River basin,daily runoff and sediment yield data from 27 hydrological stations and daily precipitation records from 63 stations were analyzed.Mann-Kendall test and the double mass curve method were used for abrupt change analysis.Main causes for the abrupt changes were analyzed.The results showed that in last 60 years,there was no obvious increasing trend of precipitation in the studied watersheds.Sediment load decreased in the upper reaches of the main stream of the Songhua River and the lower reach of the Second Songhua River; sediment load increased in the lower reaches of the main stream of the Songhua River and the Nenjiang River basin.The increasing trend of sediment load of different geomorphic types was that：mountainous ＞ hilly ＞ plain.During 1978-1982 sediment load per unit precipitation increased in many of the basins owing to human activities.Improper ways of land use and cultivation made soil loss more severe,with a rapid increase of sediment discharge.During 1995-2002,sediment load per unit precipitation decreased in 1/3 of the basins caused by application of soil conservation practices and change of land use.
出处
《泥沙研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第3期12-19,共8页
Journal of Sediment Research
基金
水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目"东北黑土区水土保持措施效益评估及防治技术"(201001026)
