摘要
沉积盆地地层及其结构记录了盆地的构造演化过程,并由其所处的不同历史时期的构造背景所决定。全球油气勘探的不断深入和大量地震剖面的完成为系统认识盆地构造演化提供了大量基础资料。本文在板块构造理论的指导下,收集了全球上百个重要沉积盆地的资料编制了2条洲际纬向超长剖面:(1)北美-北非-中东-中亚-东亚纬向超长剖面;(2)南美-非洲纬向超长剖面。这两条洲际纬向超长剖面能直观地显示出不同类型盆地构造演化阶段及其时空对应关系受控于板块运动。盆地发育的程度(沉降厚度、沉降率、构造间断)及其完整性(规模大小、剖面形态、垂向结构),受控于其所处区域的构造背景。北美和南美大陆不同类型沉积盆地存在有序并列的特征:自西向东均为大洋盆地、海沟、弧前盆地、弧后前陆盆地、克拉通盆地、裂谷盆地和被动陆缘盆地。由于板块边界作用影响,相同板块上不同的盆地群之间具有密切的构造-沉积联系和构造事件响应,北非和非洲中部东西向剖面依次发育被动陆缘(西部)-克拉通(中部)-裂谷(偏东部)的特征。
The stratigraphy and structure of sedimentary basin reflect its evolution which is also determined by differenthistorical tectonic setting. With the advancing of the global oil and gas exploration and the completion of a large numberof seismic profiles, a lot of basic information has been accumulated which enables us to recognize tectonic evolution ofbasin systematically. Under the guidance of plate tectonic theory and the basis of collection of world’s hundreds ofimportant sedimentary basins, we compiled two global-scale E-W profiles： 1） North America - North Africa - Middle East -Central Asia - East Asia global-scale profile; 2） South America - Africa global-scale profile. The E-W global-scaleprofile intuitively shows that the tectonic evolution stage of different types of basins and their temporal and spatialcorrespondence are controlled by the movement of tectonic plates. Continued development of basins （sedimentationthickness, sedimentation rate, constructed intermittent） and their integrity （size, profile shapes, vertical structure） arecontrolled by regional tectonic setting. Different types of sedimentary basins on the North America and South Americancontinent are orderly parallel： ocean basins-trench-forearc basin-back arc foreland basin-cratonic basins-riftbasins-passive continental margin basins in sequence from west to east. Different basins on the same plate have similarsedimentary contact and response to tectonic events. North Africa and Central Africa E-W profile developed passivecontinental margin （west）-craton （central）-rift valley （eastern side） respectively.
出处
《大地构造与成矿学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期1-11,共11页
Geotectonica et Metallogenia
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(编号:2009CB219302)资助
关键词
纬向超长剖面
盆地结构
盆地构造演化
板块构造
E-W global-scale profile
basin structure
basin tectonic evolution
plate tectonics
