摘要
城市建筑外装饰广泛使用玻璃幕墙,导致大量鸟类撞击死亡,这已成为继栖息地破坏之后对鸟类种群的第二大影响因素.而至今对鸟类撞击玻璃幕墙的诱因研究比较薄弱.我们在2011～ 2013年研究了东北林业大学野生动物资源学院大楼的玻璃幕墙发生的迁徙鸟类撞击死亡的情况,发现褐柳莺（Phylloscopus fuscatus）、极北柳莺（P.borealis）等5种鸟类撞击该玻璃幕墙.根据景观结构分析,推断导致鸟类撞击的4个原因：1）玻璃幕墙面积较大;2）幕墙对面的树林与幕墙的距离较近,在幕墙中形成森林映像,对鸟类具有吸引作用;3）幕墙前摆放了盆栽树木,使实际景物和映像连接起来,也增强了对鸟类的诱惑力;4）幕墙与树林之间存在一个广场,迫使鸟类通过时提高速度,在最大速度时撞上幕墙.因此,预防鸟类低空撞击玻璃幕墙应围绕消除上述条件来设计城市景观以减少或避免发生鸟类撞击.
Glass is extensively used for decorating outer walls （ curtain walls） of buildings in cities around the world. Birds frequently collide with these glass walls during flight, resulting in massive death each year. This has become the second factor influencing bird populations after habitat degradation. The building of the College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China, was decorated with a blue glass wall measuring 33 ×13 m. Every migration season, collisions of dusky warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus, Arctic warbler P. borealis and other passerine species are reported and result in numerous bird deaths. From 2011 to 2013, we investigated the collision cases during migration seasons, and identified several landscape structural conditions that influence frequencies of bird collisions with this building, including： 1 ）the large size of the glass wall; 2）short distance（ about 20 m）between the glass wall and the street-side trees in front of it; 3） the presence of potted birch trees and needle juniper trees adjacent to the glass wall that cause the reflection of the street-side trees to appear as natural vegetation, encouraging birds to fly towards the reflected image; and 4）the presence of a small paved parking area adjacent to the building, passing which the birds accelerate and collide with the glass wall at high speed. The impact of this micro-landscape structure suggests prevention of bird collision with this glass wall should focus on removal of one or more of the above conditions to avoid the reflection of habitats birds naturally inhabit.
出处
《野生动物学报》
2014年第2期216-219,共4页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
关键词
城市建筑
外玻璃幕墙
景观结构
鸟类撞击
Urban building
Curtain wall
Landscape structureBird collision
Bird strike
