摘要
目的了解昆山市在校高中学生对乙型肝炎相关防治的认知和行为,为针对性地制定有效防治乙肝的策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,选择2所学校共4个班级的高中学生进行问卷调查。结果236名高中学生接受了调查,学生对乙肝防治知识知晓率较低,其中HBV是否能通过消化道传播的答对率最低,仅71人答对,答对率为30.1%,对乙肝疫苗能有效预防乙肝答对率最高,141人答对,答对率为59.7%。女生的知晓率高于男生(P<0.05),高三年级的学生知晓率高于高一(P<0.05)。城市学校的学生在乙肝是否能通过血液、母婴传播及乙肝疫苗能有效预防乙肝这几个问题上知晓率明显高于乡镇学生(P<0.05)。乙肝疫苗接种率为75.9%,全程接种率为79.3%。高中学生中乙肝危险行为相对较少。女生在不与他人共用剃刀及接种乙肝疫苗方面好于男生(P<0.05),城市的学生在不与人共用牙刷、剃刀、浴巾方面好于乡镇学生(P<0.05)。高中学生获得乙肝防治知识的主要途径是宣传栏(44,18.6%)、电视(42,17.8%)、网络(37,15.6%)及书籍(30,12.6%)。结论目前高中学生仍未能正确、全面地掌握乙肝的防治知识,因此应采用学生更易接受的方式开展有效的健康教育,从而提高学生的自我防病意识和能力。
Objective To investigate high school students＇ cognition and behavior of hepatitis B prevention and treatment in Kunshan City so as to provide a scientific basis for targetedly formulating effective strategies and measures for hepatitis B preven- tion and treatment. Methods High school students in 4 classes from 2 high schools in Kunshan City were selected by stratified cluster random sampling for questionnaire survey. Results Two hundred and thirty- six high school students were surveyed. The students＇ awareness rate of hepatitis B prevention and treatment knowledge was low. The correct answering rate of the ques- tion whether HBV could be transmitted through digestive tract was the lowest （30.1%, 71/236）, while the correct answering rate of the question whether hepatitis B vaccine could offer effective protection against HBV was the highest （59.7 %, 141/236）. The awareness rates of girls were higher than those of bovs （P〈0.05）, and the awareness rates of students in the third madewere higher than those of the first grade （ P 〈 0.05）. Compared with students in rural areas, students from urban areas had higher awareness rates in questions like whether hepatitis B was a blood - borne disease and whether it could be transmitted verti- cally from mothers to babies and whether hepatitis B vaccine could effectively prevent HBV infection （P 〈 0.05）. Hepatitis B vaccination rate was 75.9 % and the full - term coverage rate was 79.3 %. The risk behavior for hepatitis B in high school stu- dents was relatively less. Girls did better than boys in not sharing razors with others and hepatitis B vaccination （P 〈 0.05）. The students from urban areas did better than those from rural areas in not sharing toothbrushes, razors or towels with others （P 〈 0.05）. The main approaches for the high school students to gain hepatitis B prevention knowledge were from bulletin board （18.6%）, TV shows （17.8%）, Internet （15.6%） and books （12.6%）. Conclusions Today, the high school students in Kunshan City have not correctly and comprehensively grasp the relevant knowledge of hepatitis B prevention and treatment; and hence, the effective health education should be implemented in the ways which can be more easily accepted by the students to raise their awareness and abilities of self prevention.
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2014年第5期529-531,共3页
Practical Preventive Medicine
基金
江苏省昆山市社会发展科技计划项目(编号:KS1134)
关键词
乙型肝炎
高中学生
认知
行为
Hepatitis B
High school students
Cognition
Behavior
