摘要
现行的俄罗斯刑事法承继了苏联刑法的余波,再现了苏联解体后法律大变革的创新风采。其中,劳动改造立法伴随着俄罗斯刑事法的变迁而不断完善。劳动改造作为刑罚的一种,从苏维埃时期的萌芽,到1922年苏俄刑法典的确立,直至1996年俄罗斯联邦刑法典的颁布,愈发彰显保护社会与保障人权的变革特点。俄罗斯劳动改造刑罚经历了漫长剧烈的立法考验并依然长盛不衰。根据俄罗斯刑法的规定,劳动改造是由法院判决不剥夺其自由的被判刑人就地强制劳动并且向国家上交部分劳动所得的刑罚方法。它不同于我国已经废止的劳动教养。劳动改造不剥夺人身自由,但是劳动权和经济权受到限制。劳动改造作为独立的主刑适用,不是附加刑。劳动改造只能对有劳动能力的人实行。对不服劳动改造,恶意违规人员予以严惩。俄罗斯劳动改造立法体系较为完善,除了宪法纲领性指导外,以基本法律而论,既有实体上的俄罗斯刑法典有关劳动改造的规定,也有执行上俄罗斯刑事执行法有关劳动改造的规范,此外,还有一系列行政规章、法规、命令等。究其发展历程和鲜明的立法特色,无疑为我国的刑罚构建提供了有益的参考。
According to the Russian criminal law,reform- through labor is a punishment method with the following futures;judging by the court,not depriving of his(her) liberty and turning over his(her) part of the labor income to the state.Reform through labor is not deprived of personal freedom,but the labor rights and economic rights are restricted.Reform through labor is an independent principal punishments,not a supplementary punishments.Reform through labor just involves with person with ability to work.The people who defies a reform through labor,or makes malicious violations shall be punished severely.Russian legislation on reform through labor is more perfect,in addition to the constitutional guidance,with the basic law is concerned,it both has regulations on labor of Russian penal code and regulation on reform through labor of Russian criminal law implementation.There is a series of administrative rules,regulations and orders,also.
出处
《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第3期16-22,95,共7页
Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies
基金
国家社科规划一般项目"俄罗斯转型期司法改革研究"(项目编号:11BFX1153)的成果之一
