摘要
目的评估2008-2012年湖北省血吸虫病流行状况,为下阶段全省血吸虫病防治工作提供理论指导和科学依据。方法开展人畜查治病、钉螺控制等传染控制为主的综合防治措施,评价2008-2012年湖北省血吸虫病防治效果。结果 2008-2012年,全省共治疗血吸虫病人973 082人次,扩大化疗4 075 897人次;治疗病畜13 148头次,扩大化疗999 361头次;累计灭螺面积128 893.40 hm2,环境改造灭螺28 955.96 hm2;共淘汰耕牛、以机代牛153 215头,建设三格式无害化厕所453 350座。血吸虫病人数由2008年的255 594人下降至2012年的146 484人,下降了42.69%;居民血检阳性率、粪检阳性率以及血吸虫感染率均呈下降趋势(χ2=25 540.14,P<0.01;χ2=6 913.38,P<0.01和χ2=18 524.51,P<0.01)。病牛数由2008年的5 555头下降至2012年的499头,下降了91.02%;家畜(耕牛)感染率整体呈下降趋势(χ2=4 654.97,P<0.01)。结论湖北省实施传染源控制为主的综合防治策略效果显著,但防治任务仍然十分艰巨,要根据疫区实际情况采取有针对性的血吸虫病防治措施,最终实现消除血吸虫病的目标。
Objective To evaluate schistosomiasis endemic situation in Hubei Province from 2008 to 2012, so as to provide theoretical guidance for the next step of schistosomiasis control. Methods Comprehensive measures were carried out, including detection and chemotherapy for residents and livestock, snail control and infectious source control. The effectiveness of comprehensive measures was observed and evaluated longitudinally in Hubei Province from 2008 to 2012. Results During the five years, 973 082 schistosomiasis patients and 4 075 897 people that contacted infested water were treated. The number of cattle was 13 148 and 999 361, respectively. There were 128 893.40 hm2 area with snails controlled, and 28 955.96 hm2 area with snails controlled by environmental modification. 153 215 heads cattle were replaced by machine, and 453 350 seats lavatories and latrines were built. Schistosomiasis patients decreased from 255 594 in 2008 to 146 484 in 2012, declined by 42. 69%. The positive rate of IHA and Kato-Katz, S. japonicum infection in human all showed a significant downward trend over the 5-year period （X2 = 25 540. 14,P〈0. 01 ;X2 = 6 913. 38,P〈0. 01 andX2= 18 524. 51, P〈0.01）. Schistosomiasis livestock decreased from 5 555 in 2008 to 499 in 2012, declined by 91. 02%. S. japonicum infection in livestock also showed a significant downward trend （X2 = 4 654. 97, P〈0.01 ）. Although the area with snails altered little in the five years, and fluctuated from 76 642. 6 hm2 to 77 400.6 hm2, there was still 1 county reached the criteria of transmission interruption and 4 counties reached the criteria of transmission control. Conclusions The effect of the comprehensive strategy of schistosomiasis control in Hubei Province was remarkable. Although prevention is still a daunting task, targeted measures for schistosomiasis control should still be carried on according to the actual endemic situation.
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2014年第2期33-37,共5页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BAI78B07)
湖北省卫生厅2011-2012年度血吸虫病防治科研项目(XF2010-5
XF2010-30)
湖北省卫生厅2013-2014年度血吸虫病防治科研项目(XF2012-24
XF2012-26)
关键词
血吸虫病
疫情控制
流行
Schistosomiasis
Infection control
Epidemic
