摘要
为给黄淮海地区冬小麦高产高效栽培中水氮管理提供依据,在大田条件下,以该地区冬小麦主推品种之一的西农979为材料,通过裂区试验,水氮各设置三个水平[自然降水(W1)、土壤水分保持田间持水量的60%(W2)和80%(W3);不施氮(N1)、施氮150kg·hm-2(N2)和300kg·hm-2(N3)],研究了不同水氮模式下冬小麦花后旗叶叶绿素含量和光合速率、氮素积累与分配、水肥利用效率及产量的差异。结果表明,中水中氮(W2N2)和中水高氮(W2N3)组合有利于小麦花后旗叶维持较高的叶绿素含量和光合速率。在相同水分条件下,单茎氮素积累量随着施氮量的增加而增加;在相同氮素营养条件下,中水(W2)处理籽粒氮素积累量显著高于自然降水(W1)和高水(W3)处理;W2N2和W2N3的籽粒氮素积累量显著高于其他处理;W2N2处理下营养器官花前贮存氮素在花后向籽粒的转运量和转运率最高;W2N3处理的花前营养器官氮素积累量及其花后转运对籽粒氮素的贡献率最高。在相同氮素营养条件下,随着灌水量的增加,产量先升后降;在相同水分条件下,产量随着施氮量增加而增加;W2N2和W2N3处理的产量显著高于其他处理,且此二处理差异不显著。W2N2处理的氮肥农学效率和灌水生产效率显著高于其他处理。综合以上结果,在本试验条件下,W2N2是小麦高产高效的最佳水氮组合。
In order to know the requirement for water and fertilizer of winter wheat, and to provide the scientific basis of standardized cultivation of high yield and high efficiency, under field conditions with a split plot experiment of three levels of water treatment （Wl ,rainfeed;W2,60% of soil water capaci- ty; W3,80% of soil water capacity） and three levels of nitrogen treatment （N1 ,no nitrogen; N2,150 kg·hm-2 ;N3,300 kg · hm 2）, using wheat cultivar Xinong 979 as the test material, the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on the changes of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of flag leaf after anthesis were studied, and then the nitrogen accumulation and distribution from vegetative or gans to grain after anthesis, water and nitrogen use efficiency, yield and its＂ components of winter wheat were measured. The results showed that high chlorophyll content and high photosynthetic rate was obtained under the treatement of W2 N2 and W2 N3 ; under the same irrigation amount, the total ni trogen amount per stem increased with the increase of nitrogen supply; and under the same N application, the nitrogen accumulation in grains of treatment W2 was significantly higher than that of Wl and Wa ; the nitrogen accumulation in grains of W~ N2 and W2 N3 treatments were significantly higher than that of other treatments, the amount and efficiency of nitrogen translocation of treatment W2 N2 was the highest, the nitrogen accumulation a mount of vegetative organs at anthesis and nitrogen contribu- tion proportion of treatment W2N3 was the highest. Under the same irrigation amount, with the in- crease of irrigation amount, the grain yield increased at first, thereafter reduced; and under the same N application, the yield increased with the increase of nitrogen supply, the grain yield of W2N2 and W2 N3 treatments were significantly higher than that of other treatments, the nitrogen application effi- ciency and irrigation water-use efficiency of treatment W2 N2 were significantly higher than that of oth- er treatments. In conclusion, under this experimental conditions, treatment W2N2 may be the best combination for irrigation and nitrogen application practices.
出处
《麦类作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第3期380-387,共8页
Journal of Triticeae Crops
基金
“十二五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目(2011BAD16B07)
关键词
冬小麦
水氮效应
光合
水肥利用
籽粒产量
Winter wheat
Water and nitrogen effect
Photosynthetic traits~ Water and nitrogen use
Yield
