摘要
光合作用的遗传学是研究光合作用的遗传控制和光合作用的遗传与变异的规律。水稻Pn的遗传主要受核基因组成所控制,质基因组虽有作用但未表现出完全的细胞质遗传现象,属数量遗传性状,控制水稻Pn的基因数目在10对以上,其广义遗传力为34.85～66.50％,狭义遗传力为24.4～34.0％。水稻叶绿素含量亦属数量遗传性状,受多基因控制,叶绿素含量的广义遗传力为33.87～81.34％,a/b比值的广义遗传力为46.72～77.27％。光呼吸速率(Pr)亦为多基因控制的数量性状,其遗传力和遗传进度皆大于Pn。在作物育种中可以直接利用光合性状选育高光效品种,也可以间接利用与光合特性相关的性状进行初选。
Photosynthetic genetics is study on genetic control of photosynthesis. The following results are presented from the experiments on crops done in many years. Heredity of net photosynthetic rate (pn) in rice, a quantitative character, is controled by polyenes, including and the nuclear genes play and important role. There are at least 10 pairs of genes controlling pn. Heritability of on in rice varietes with vary combinations of genes. Broad sense (h_B^2) and narrow sense heritability (h_n^2) are 34.85-66.50% and 24.4-34.0%, respectively. When selection coefficient reaches 5% level, the genetic advance expected of pn in a population is 1.62-3.61 mg co_2dm^(-2)h^(-1). Chlorophyll (chl) content and a : b ratio are both stable quantitative genetic characters, show heterosis and are controled by polygenes. Heredity of chl, is controled mainly by nuclear genome; the chloroplast genome, though it shows inheritable effect, is not fully acting on it's own. The h_B^2 of chl. Content and a : b ratio are 38.77-81.39 % and 46.42-77.27%, respectively. Heredity of photorespiration rate (Pr) in rice, a quantitative character, is controled by polyenes. The heritability of photorespiration rate (Pr) is bigger than the heritability of net photosynthetic rate (pn). In breeding for high photosynthetic efficiency, should be used direct photosynthetic characters and indirect photosybthetic characters.
关键词
水稻
作物
光合作用
遗传学
育种
rice, photosynthetic genetics, breeding for high photosynthetic efficiency
