摘要
整理分析了内蒙古2002—2011年进行的15项次马铃薯施肥田问试验结果，发现：马铃薯氮磷钾吸收积累量呈“S”型生长曲线变化规律，即前期慢、中期快、后期又慢，吸收积累的高峰期在出苗后60天左右，之后积累量逐渐放缓，到收获时日积累量有小幅下降，特别是磷和钾的积累。吸收的氮磷钾前期主要供给叶片的生长发育，在收获时70％～80％的氮素，80％～90％的P2O5和K2O转移到了块茎中。出苗后60天是马铃薯水肥需要关键期，此时期保证水肥供应是获得高产的关键。马铃薯施用氮、磷、钾肥分别增产26．3％、22．8％和20．1％，每千克N、P2O5、K2O增产马铃薯40．7、70．4和44．7kg。施肥增产效果：氮肥〉磷肥〉钾肥。施用氮磷钾肥的N、P2O5和K2O的养分利用率分别为35．9％、15．6％、50．4％。生产1t马铃薯块茎吸收N、P2O5、K2O分别为5．32kg、1．42kg、6．01kg。缺素区全株马铃薯吸收N、P2O5、K2O养分量分别为126．3、38、152．1kg／hm^2。马铃薯可采用基于产量反应和农学效率的方法进行推荐施肥，尤其是氮肥的施用，而对于磷、钾肥的推荐，除考虑肥效外，还要考虑土壤养分平衡，主要基于产量反应和一定目标产量下作物的移走量给出推荐施肥量。
In order to investigate the fertilization effect and the fertilizer use efficiency on the potato in Inner Mongolia, a field experiments were carried out in 2002-2011. The accumulated amount of N, P, and K by potato increased as an ＂8＂ curve and accumulated slowly in the early period, then fast in the middle stage, and slowly again in the end. The absorption peak occurred in about 60 days after emergence, so it＇s the critical period to the potato growing. The nutrient ofN, P, and K supplied leaf growth mainly in the early period and 70%-80% Nand 80%-90% P2O5 and KzO were transferred to the tuber in harvest day. The results showed that the potato yield was increased by 26.3%, 22.8% and 20.1 % respectively, when N, P, and K fertilizer were used. Per kg N, P2O5 and K2O increased potato tuber 40.7 kg, 70.4 kg and 44.7kg and their use efficiency were 35.9%, 15.6% and 50.4% respectively. 5.32 kg N, 1.42 kg P2O5 and 6.01 kg K2O were needed to produce 1 t potato. The potato fertilizer could be recommended based on the output response and the efficiency of agriculture, especially for the nitrogen nutrient fertilization recommendation. The P and K can be recommended based on the output response and nutrient removal by a certain target yield of crops from the soil. 80 the soil nutrient balance should be considered besides the fertilizer effect in P and K fertilization recommendation.
出处
《土壤》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第2期212-217,共6页
Soils
基金
国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)中国项目部资助
关键词
马铃薯
氮磷钾化肥
养分吸收规律
平衡施肥
Potato, NPK fertilizer, Nutrition pattern, Fertilizer recommendation
