摘要
司法刑事体制内原因并非导致刑事冤案的决定性因素,从刑事冤案的结构性分布观察,凶杀案等暴力性犯罪更易于产生冤案。中美两国洗冤机制的实效存在相似之处,例如冤案的结构性分布、证据审查标准以及无辜者洗冤的低成功率等方面。从美国冤案的实际原因来看,案外因素对司法过程的渗透过程不可低估。中国式冤案主要是公共政策、国民对犯罪的基本立场、错误的司法理念、实践中的潜规则、设证式证明的混用等诸多因素综合作用的结果。
All kinds of wrongful convictions are not mainly because of the legal holes or fault of criminal system itself, only if we reconsider the distribution and rate among the false convictions. In fact, wrongful convictions are produced especially in murder cases and rape crime. Crime myths, complicate relations between democratic politics and litigation psychology may have much more effects than rules in legality. Virtually, it is as same as factual results if innocent prisoner appeal after false conviction whether in China or in America although wrongful convictions lead to much additional cost. The causes of Chinese wrongful convictions which lead to innocent people into prison or penalty death are not completely same comparing with American criminal justice. Public policy, crime myths and proof of abduction and political justice process may explain the key reasons in sentencing innocent defendant wrongful conviction.
出处
《现代法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第2期152-165,共14页
Modern Law Science
基金
教育部2011年度基金资助项目"刑事诉讼中的软法研究"(11YJC820070)
