摘要
中国菰 [Z .LatifoliaGriseb(Turcz) ]是本木科菰属 (ZinaniaLinnaeus) 4种植物之一 ,是一种多年水生草本植物。我国从周代开始已有 3 0 0 0多年的应用记载。对中国南四湖、洪湖、洪泽湖、太湖、巢湖、白马湖、高邮湖、骆马湖、石臼湖、宝应湖的野生菰资源的调查显示 ,其菰草总面积大约 4 88km2 ,估计每年菰草和菰米产量分别约是 55× 1 0 4 t和 1 8× 1 0 4 t。实验室和人群研究表明 ,中国菰米食用安全、风味独特 ,未见致突变作用和人体毒副作用 ;其蛋白质含量达 1 3 2 % ,蛋白质功效比值达 2 75;富含无机盐和B族维生素。菰草粉中蛋白质、脂肪、灰分、钙和磷含量分别是 7 4 %、2 3 %、1 2 %、0 4 9%、和 0 1 2 %。菰植物的根、茎、叶、果都有多种用途和功能 ,具有很高的经济价值 ,亟待科学、合理、综合地开发利用。
Chinese wild rice [ Z. Latifolia Griseb (Turcz) ] is one of the perennial herbaceous aquatic plants amongest the four species of Zizania Linnaeus of Gramineae. The record on the utilization of Chinese wild rice can be traced back over 3 000 years ago since Zhou Dynasty in China. The investigation results on the plant resources of Chinese wild rice in Nansi, Honghu, Hongze, Taihu, Chaohu, Baima, Gaoyou, Luoma, Shijin and Baoying lakes showed that the wild rice covers a total area of 488km 2 with annual output of wild rice grass and grain being 55×10 4tons and 1.8×10 4 tons respectively. The biological features of Chinese wild rice differ greatly from those of North American wild rice. The results of tests and population research indicated that Chinese wild rice crops are non-toxic, delicious and free from disease and adverse effect. The protein content of Chinese wild rice is 13.2%, protein efficiency ratio is 2.75 and amino acid score is 84 with rich minerals and vitamin B. The contents of protein, fat, ash, calcium and phosphorus in the powder of Chinese wild rice are 7.4%, 2 3%, 1.2%, 0.49% and 0.12% respectively. The root, stem, leaf and caryopsis of the plant have multi functions and ways of use with high economic value, awaiting to be developed and utilized in a scientific, rational and comprehensive way.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2000年第6期22-26,共5页
Resources Science
基金
江苏省社会发展基金项目!(BS90 0 62 )
原南京铁道医学院研究项目!( 962 2 )
关键词
植物资源
菰米
菰根
营养成份
应用价值
中国菰
Zizania L.
Plant resource
Wild rice grain
Wild rice root
Nutrient composition
Utilization value
