摘要
[目的 ]了解汽油无铅化后 ,儿童体内血铅水平和智商的变化及汽车尾气对其呼吸道症状发生率的影响。[方法 ]选择市区 Y小学 15 1名小学生为接触组 ,浦东 Z小学 16 0名小学生为对照组 ,进行健康问卷调查及体格检查 ,取无名指末梢血测定血铅浓度 ,采用瑞文测试法测定智商 ,以 EPI Info和 SAS软件进行统计分析。 [结果 ]接触组与对照组的体内血铅水平差异有显著性。血铅浓度 (x)与儿童智商 (y)水平有良好的负相关 (y=12 0 .11- 0 .12 9x)。接触组咽部疼痛和不适、异物感、咳嗽等症状的发生率较对照组有明显的升高 ,OR值分别为 1.71,2 .6 4及 2 .92。多元线性回归表明接触汽车尾气和家庭居住位置是儿童血铅水平及呼吸道症状发生率主要影响因素。 [结论 ]进一步控制汽车尾气的排放 ,合理规划住宅位置是控制儿童铅中毒及疾病发生的重要措施。
[Objective]To understand the changes of children's blood lead levels and intelligence quotient(IQ) and the effects of automobile exhaust on the prevelance rates of respiratory symptoms of children[Methods]151 pupils of Y primary school in urban area were selected as exposure group,160 pupils of Z primary school in Pudong district were selected as control groupThe health questionaire survey and health examination were carried out among pupilsThe peripheral blood lead levels of the forth finger were determinedThe IQ was determined by combined Raven's TestThe data were statistically analzed by EPI Info and SAS statistic softwares[Results]Significant differences of blood lead levels were observed between exposure group and control groupThe blood lead levels(x) negatively correlated with children's IQ(y) (y=12011-0129x)The prevelance rates of sore and uncomfortable feelings and foreign body sensation in throat and cough of exposure group were significantly higher than those in control group.The ORs of corresponding symptoms were 171,2,64 and 292 respectivelyThe multiple linear regression analysis showed that exposure to automobile exhaust and the distances from the residential region to street with heavy traffic were the main factors affecting the children's peripheral blood lead levels and the prevelance of respiratory symptoms[Conclusion]Further control of the emission of automobile exhaust and reasonable planning of location of residential areas were the main measures to control the prevelance of lead poisoning and its related diseases of children
出处
《环境与健康杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2000年第6期351-354,共4页
Journal of Environment and Health
关键词
无铅汽油
城市
乡村
儿童
铅污染
血铅水平
Lead-free gasoline
Peripheral blood
Lead
Intelligence quotient
Respiratory symptoms
