摘要
[目的 ]分析 N市三起介水腹泻病暴发的成因 ,探讨减少二次供水污染事故的对策。 [方法 ]流行病学调查 ;检验饮用水微生物污染的程度及致病原 ;比较污染水 (暴露组 )和非污染水 (对照组 )供水范围内居民同期腹泻病发病率 ,计算相关危险度 (RR)和归因危险度 (AR)。 [结果 ]腹泻病患者的住宅楼二次供水设施存在明显的卫生设计隐患 ,且日常性卫生管理松懈 ,蓄水池受到生活污水污染 ;发病居民饮用的受污染水感官指标异常、菌落总数分别为 1.1× 10 3、 1.1× 10 3、 1.8× 10 3CFU/ m L,总大肠菌群分别为 1.6× 10 4、 1.6× 10 4、 >2 30 MPN/ L,检出豚鼠气单胞菌、河弧菌、温和气单胞菌、嗜水气单胞菌 (菌量大于 10 3CFU / m L ) ,部分菌株检出耐热性肠毒素 ST;三起介水腹泻病暴发的 RR值分别为 6 3.7、 17.3、 33.8,AR值分别为 30 .4、 12 .2、 2 0 .0。 [结论 ]三起腹泻病暴发的主要原因与相关住宅楼二次供水严重污染有高度关联。
[Objective]To analyze the reasons of 3 outbreaks of waterborne diarrhea in N city and explore the counter-measures minimizing the occurence of the accidents due to the polluted secondary water supply[Methods]The epidemiological investigation and detection of the levels of microorganisms and pathogens in polluted drinking water were carried outThe incidence rates of diarrhea in a simulteneous period among residents drinking polluted water (exposure group) and non-polluted water (control group),and its relative risk (RR) value and the attributable risk(AR) were calculated and compared[Results]Obvious errors of sanitary design and relaxed dialy sanitary management for secondary water supply system were found in buildings where patients with diarrhea lived,which resulted in the pollution of water storage tanks by domestic sewageIn the polluted drinking water taken by patients with diarrhea presented abnormal organoleptic indexes,total count of bacteria of 11×103、11×103、18×103 CFU/mL,tolal coliform of 16×104 、16×104、>230 MPN/LAcaviae,Vfluvialis,Asobria and Ahydrophila were found in polluted drinking water with a level of >103 CFU/mL,in some strains of them,were noticed thermotolerant enterotoxins (ST)The RRs and ARs for water-born diarrhea in 3 outbreaks associated with secondary water supply pollution were 637,173,338,and 304,122,200 respectively[Conclusion]The main cause of three outbreaks of diarrhea were strongly associated with the highly polluted water in storage tank of secondary water supply system by domestic sewage in relatd residence buildings
出处
《环境与健康杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2000年第6期343-345,共3页
Journal of Environment and Health
