摘要
科举制度是重视公平而式微科学的人才选拔制度。从权力视野看科举的公平观和科学观,可以发现公平竞争是等级社会下国人的刚性权力要求,是统治阶级加强精英治国的需要,行政权力服务于公平竞争的策略是尽可能谋求形式上的机会平等和实质上的机会平等,但这并不能得出考试制度改革首重公平的结论。科举式微科学,因为科学不是国人的刚性权力需求,更因为行政权力的意识形态统治逻辑,但恰恰是这些逻辑削弱了学术的自由逻辑,影响了选贤任能的选拔目的实现,加剧了中国科技的落后。吸取科举历史教训,当今选拔性考试制度改革,任何时候都要考虑公平性,但不应以牺牲科学性为代价,相反还要吸取科举的历史教训,大力加强招生和考试部门学术权力自由的逻辑,削弱行政权力对学术的干预,始终注重考试科学性的能力建设。
The attribute of paying more attention to equity but less to science nature of the imperial examination system is due to people＇ s nominal power requirement of fair competition and ruling class＇ s strengthening domination. Thus, the best strategy for ruling class is trying to create equal opportunity in form and substance, but we can＇ t draw a conclusion that the first value of examination system is equity. The reason for paying less attention to science nature is that science nature can＇ t become the necessary requirement of ordinary people, also because of the ideology logic of administration power. It is all these reasons that lead to the weakening of academic freedom logic which is harmful to the elites selection purpose, exacerbating the backwardness of science and technology of modern ages of China. Learning the historic lessons, we should always attach importance to equity of examination system, highly strengthen the academic logic for admission or examination institution, weaken the intervention in academic affairs for administration power, and lay stress on the institution＇ s ability construction to improve the scientific nature of examination or admission.
出处
《考试研究》
2014年第1期78-84,共7页
Examinations Research
关键词
科举制度
行政权力
公平观
科学观
the Imperial Examination, Administration Power, Equity Concept, Science Concept
