1Navasa M, Rimola A, Rod,s J. Bacterial infections in liver disease[J]. Semin Liver Dis, 1997,17(4) :323-333.
2Christou L, Pappas G, Falagas ME. Bacterial infection-related morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2007,102(7) : 1510-1517.
3Birkhofer A, Rehbock J, Fricke H. T lymphocytes from the normal human peritoneum contain high frequencies of Th2-type CD8+ Tcells[J]. EurJ Immunol, 1996,26(4) :957-960.
4Blaas SH, Stieber-Gunckel M, Falk W, et al. CpG- oligodeoxynucleotides stimulate immunoglobulin A secretion in intestinal mucosal B cells [J]. Clin Exp Immunol, 2009, 155(3) :534-540.
5Listl F, Candore G, Modica MA, et al. A study of serum immunoglobulin levels in elderly persons that provides new insights into B cell immunosenescence[J]. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2006,1089 : 487-495.
4Tarazona R,Solana R,Ouyang Q,et al.Basic biology and clinical impact of immunosenescence[J].Exp Gerontol,2003,38(1):183-189.
5Gonzalo G,Richard A.Single-cell analyses reveal two defects in peptide-specific activation of naive T cells from aged mice[J].J Immunol,2001,166:3151-3157.
6Michael D,Ami T,Richard A.Altered composition of the immunological synapse in an anergic,age-dependent memory T cell subset[J].J Immunol,2000,164:6105-6112.
7Vallejo AN.CD28 extinction in human T cells:altered functions and the program of T-cell senescence[J].Immunol Rev,2005,205(1):158-169.
8Connoy AC,Trader M,High KP.Age-related changes in cell surface and senescence markers in the spleen of DBA/2 mice:A flow cytometric analysis[J].Exp Gerontol,2006,41(2):225-229.
9Messaoudi I,LeMaoult J,Jose A,et al.Age-related CD8 T cell clonal expansions constrict CD8 T cell repertoire and have the potential to impair immune defense[J].J Exp Med,2004,200(10):1347-1358.
10Maria ST,Thomas LL,Florentine M,et al.Lake of antibody prauc-tion following immunization in old age: association with CD8 + CD28-T cell clonal expansions and an imbalance in the prauction of Th1 and Th2[J].Jlmmunol,2002,169(6):5893 -5901.
