摘要
该文对我国发展绿色经济的必要性、面临的主要挑战以及战略对策进行了分析研究。认为,过去20年来,我国通过承接国际产业转移实现了经济快速发展,但也由此带来了巨大的资源环境代价,承接国际产业转移的20年也是承接资源消耗和环境污染转移的20年;目前,中国已经成为世界上生态超载和环境风险最高的国家,并且传统产业的国际竞争力正在丧失,中国正面临着前所未有的转型压力。加快经济的绿色转型,中国有有利条件,如内需市场庞大、民间资本较为充裕等,但更多的是挑战,突出地体现在需克服三道难关:一是中国仍处于工业化、城镇化中期,自身对传统产业的旺盛需求还将持续10-15年,且支撑传统产业转型升级的许多核心技术尚待突破,面临着传统产业锁定关;二是在传统能源行业的垄断性以及新兴产业的技术障碍等因素综合影响下,新兴绿色行业的国内市场培育非常缓慢,面临着内需疲软关;三是土地、水和矿产等要素价值被严重低估,环境损害游离于企业生产的成本-效益之外,面临着资源环境价格与价值扭曲关。面向未来,我国应立足国内需求来培育和壮大新兴绿色产业,继而再谋求在全球产业分工格局中的竞争优势。为此,我国需要重点从四个方面构建有利的政策措施:①完善促进传统产业淘汰/升级的倒逼机制和新兴产业发展的激励机制,建立以全要素生产率为主的经济发展考核体系;②促进新型城镇化、新兴产业发展和新兴就业的紧密结合;③采取"技术创新—形成专利—建立标准—引导市场"模式谋求新兴产业的全球竞争力;④在全社会着力构建绿色消费模式。
This paper analyzed necessity,main challenges and strategic countermeasures for green economy development in China.The conclusions included that China achieves an excellent economic performance through undertaking international industrial transfer in the past 20 years,however,which also brings China heavy environmental costs,and the 20 years of undertaking international industry transfer is also the process of undertaking international transfer of natural resources consumption and environmental pollution.At present,China has become the country of highest ecological overload and environmental risk in the world,and also lost the international competitiveness of traditional industries,and China is facing unprecedented pressure of economic transformation.There are some advantages for China＇s green economic transformation,such as,huge domestic demands,abundant civil capital,etc.,but the challenges faced are serious as well.Overall,China needs to break through three vital barriers.First,China is still at the stage of midindustrialization and urbanization and the huge demands for traditional industry will continue for 10-15 years; second,the domestic market development for new green industry is too slow under the influence of market monopoly by traditional energy industry and limited green technology innovating capacity; third,the elements of land,water and mineral are undervalued,and environmental damage free of enterprises production cost.In the future,China should foster and expand green industries based on domestic demands,and then strive for competitive advantages in the international market.To establish a favorable institutional environment is crucial for China＇s green transition and policy-making should focus on：1） establishing forced-mechanism for traditional industries upgrading and incentive mechanism for emerging green industries developing,and prioritizing total factor productivity in economic achievement evaluation system; 2） promoting integration of emerging cities and strategic emerging industries; 3） enhancing competitiveness of emerging industries in global market by adopting the pattern of to innovate technology-form patent-establish standards-guide market; 4）establishing green consumption pattern in whole society.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第3期1-4,共4页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(编号:2013BAC03B05)
关键词
绿色经济
传统产业
新兴产业
激励机制
新型城镇化
绿色技术
green economy
traditional industries
emerging industries
incentive mechanism
new-type urbanization
green technology
