摘要
由于缺乏宝石资源,中国传统文化通常用软玉替代宝石作为装饰。唐代又将缅甸翡翠引入中国。随着佛教的传入,印度宝石开始对中国文化产生重要影响。蒙元帝国开启了中外文化交流的又一个黄金时代。随着中东、中亚穆斯林大举东迁黄河、长江流域,西方宝石及阿拉伯宝石学开始在中国流行。据史书记载,元代流行中国的西域宝石计有:红色宝石四种(红尖晶石、石榴石、锡兰石、杂色石榴石),绿色宝石三种(祖把碧、祖母绿、浅绿色祖母绿),各类刚玉七种(红宝石、优质金刚石、深蓝宝石、海蓝宝石、浅蓝刚玉、黄刚玉、白刚玉),猫眼石两种(金绿宝石、亚历山大变色石),绿松石两种(尼沙普尔绿松石、克尔曼绿松石)。明代朝贡贸易将中外文化交流推向又一巅峰。湖北钟祥明代梁庄王墓出土了数以千计的金银珠宝,不仅有世界四大名宝(金绿宝石、祖母绿、蓝宝石、红宝石),而且包括波斯出产的尼沙普尔绿松石。据我们研究,这些宝石实乃郑和下西洋在锡兰、印度、波斯采买的"诸番宝货",当即朱瞻垍出生、封王或大婚时永乐帝赏赐之物。
Jade had been vastly accepted by Chinese traditional culture jewellery nufactu rather than germ due to rare germtone mines which were found in ancient China.in the Northern Song dynasty, jadeite was imported from Burrm and following the popularity of Buddhism, the Indian gentone becarm very corrrron in China.Both of them strongly influenced Chinese culture.The Yuan dynasty was a golden age for Sino-Foreign Cultural Exchanges.A lot of Muslim people rrfigmted from the Middle East and Central Asia into both Yellow and Yangtze River Basins.Gems and Arab Gemology there- fore were introduced into China and corranonly accepted by Chinese culture.According to records from the historical source of The Yuan dynasty, various westem gems were rather important in China and they consisted of four kinds of red germ （spinel, gamet, chrysolite and mottled gamet）, three kinds of green gems （dark green emerald, emerald and fight green emer- ald）, seven kinds of corundum gems （ruby, fine diamond, dark sapphire, aquanrine, fight blue corundum, yellow corundum and white corundum）, two kinds of opals （chrysoberyl and alexandrite） and two kinds of turquoises （Nishapur turquoise and Kerrmn turquoise）.During the Ming dynasty the tn＇bute trade was in prosperity and the trade of germ therefore reached the peak, which can be demenstmted by over thousand pieces of foreign gem and jewellery findings from the King Liang Zhuang tomb in Hubei Province.Ameng them there are not only opals, emeralds, sapphires and rubies, but also the Nishapur turquoise germ imported from Persia.According to our cun＇ent study, these gem and jewellery findings are the treasures im- ported from the countries along the coast of Indian Ocean such as Sri Lanka, India, and Persia by the Zheng He＇s Voyages. These findings were therefore the royal rewards from Ereror Yongle to the King Liang Zhuang as his gifts of birthday, en- thronement or the wedding ceremonies.
出处
《考古与文物》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第1期76-88,共13页
Archaeology and Cultural Relics
关键词
印度宝石
阿拉伯宝石学
郑和下西洋采买的“番国宝物”
KEYWORDS：Indian Germtones, Arab Gemology, Foreign Gems imported by the Zheng He＇s Voyages
