摘要
为了为川芎简化节本高效栽培和可持续发展提供理论依据,采用裂区试验设计、田间小区试验方法研究了免耕和稻草覆盖栽培对川芎第2年生土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌的数量及纤维素酶、尿酶、蛋白酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响,。结果标明,土壤中微生物的数量和酶活性在川芎不同生育阶段有差异,并受土壤耕作方式、稻草覆盖数量和方式的影响;川芎二次茎叶发生期和块茎膨大期土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌的数量在免耕明显高于旋耕,免耕可在一定程度上提高川芎各时期土壤脲酶、蛋白酶和纤维素酶活性,但会降低二次茎叶发生期和块茎膨大期过氧化氢酶活性;稻草覆盖可以显著提高川芎各时期土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌的数量和纤维素酶、尿酶、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶的活性,随着稻草覆盖数量的增加,土壤微生物数量增加,几种土壤酶活性增强,在等量稻草条件下,切碎覆盖的土壤微生物数量和酶活性高于整草覆盖;土壤几种酶的活性与土壤细菌和放线菌数量显著或极显著正相关。免耕稻草覆盖栽培可以显著增加土壤微生物数量,提高土壤酶活性,为川芎的优质高产创造有利条件。
To study the effects of no-tillage and straw coveting on soil microbe quantity and enzyme activity so as to provide a theoretical basis of the scientific cultivation for high yielding and high quality of Liguaicum chuandong,a field experiment with split plot design was conducted in Dujiangyan city,Sichuan province.The microbe quantity and enzyme activity of soil were different at different growth stage of Ligusticum chuanxiong,and influenced by the soil tillage method and amount of straw coveting.At sprouting and tuberous root expanding stage of Liguaicum chuanxiong in next spring,the quantity of bacterium,actinomyces and fungus in no-tillage soil were higher than that in rotary tillage soil.No-tillage could increase the activities of cellulose,urease and protease,but could decrease the activities of catalase to some extent at sprouting and tuberous root expanding stage.Straw covering could significantly increase the quantities of bacterium,actinomyces,fungus in soil and activities of cellulose,urease,protease,catulase of soil.The soil microbe quantity and enzyme activity increased with increase of straw covering.At the same amount of straw covering,the soil microbe quantity and enzyme activities under short straw （which was cutting up） covering were higher than that under whole straw covering.The soil enzyme activities were significantly correlated to the quantities of bacterium and actinomyces.No-tillage soil with some straw covering could increase the soil microbe quantity and enzyme activity to provide a favorable soil condition for high yield and quality of Ligusticum chuanxiong.
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期76-81,共6页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目"四川新农村建设技术集成研究与示范"
关键词
川芎
免耕
稻草覆盖
土壤微生物
土壤酶活性
Ligusticum chuanxiong
No-tillage
Straw covering
Soil microbe
Enzyme activity
