摘要
目的全面了解气管、支气管异物的临床发病特点、诊断及治疗,制定健康管理对策,预防气管、支气管异物发生。方法系统回顾分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院自2003年3月-2013年3月收治的524例气管、支气管异物病例的年龄段、性别、临床表现、影像观察、诊断及治疗方案。结果以年龄较小的儿童(小于5岁)居多;从异物种类上看,5岁以内小儿以有机异物(直径较小的坚果类植物性食物,如:瓜子、花生等)为主,6岁以上以无机异物(特殊异物,如:笔帽、图钉等)为主。治疗上以支气管镜手术为主,少数短期直径小异物可行纤维支气管镜取异物,支气管镜不易取出者需开胸取异物,极少数患者可自行咳出。建立健康管理对策,并大力宣传,可有效的预防异物发生。结论及时诊断并确认异物位置,做好手术准备,选择正确的麻醉和手术方式,可提高气管、支气管异物的顺利取出率。建立健康管理对策,加强监护人看护及安全教育宣传,可减少气管、支气管异物的发生率。
Objective To make a comprehensive understanding on the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of trachea or bronchus foreign body, and establish the health management countermeasures to prevent the occurrence of tracheal or bronchial foreign body. Methods 524 cases of tracheal or bronchial foreign body of department of Otorhinolarygology of the First Affiliated Hospital from March 2003 to March 2013 were conducted in a systematic review on their characteristics such as age, sex, clinical manifestations, image observation, diagnosis and treatment programs. Results The disease was in the majority with young children who were less than 5 years old. We found that the foreign bodies of children within 5 years old were mostly organic diameter smaller nuts plant foods such as melon seeds or peanuts, while children more than 6 years were mostly inorganic foreign bodies such as mysterious or pins and so on. The main treatment of this disease was bronchoscopy surgery operation, few short diameter of smalI foreign bodies could be moved by fiber bronchoscopy. If bronchoscopy was difficult to remove foreign bodies, thoracotomy was needed, and also very few patients could expectorate the foreign bodies themselves. To establish health management countermeasures and conduct vigorous propaganda could effectively prevent the occurrence of foreign bodies. Conclusions Timely diagnosis and identify the position of foreign body, well preparation for the operation and scientific selection of anesthesia and surgery methods can improve the trachea or bronchus smooth out rate. To establish health management countermeasures, enhance the guardian care and safety education and promotion can reduce the incidence of trachea or bronchus foreign body.
出处
《中国病案》
2014年第2期71-72,共2页
Chinese Medical Record
关键词
异物
气管、支气管
儿童
健康管理
Foreign body
Trachea or bronchus
Children
Health management
