摘要
肿瘤是机体在各种致癌因素刺激下,基因组发生变异导致细胞失去正常生长调控而异常增殖的一种恶性疾病.肿瘤具有维持细胞增殖信号、逃避生长抑制、抗细胞凋亡、无限复制、诱导血管生成、激活侵袭和转移、能量代谢的重编程和免疫逃避等特点.原发性肝癌是一种高致死性的癌症类型,在中国发病率高,约占全世界发病人数的一半.肝细胞癌是原发性肝癌中的主要组织学亚型,与乙型和丙型肝炎病毒感染、酒精刺激、肥胖以及饮食污染等有关.遗传学和表观遗传突变事件的研究有助于理解肝癌的发病机制并对患者进行分子分型,而分子分型则可以指导临床个体化治疗和预后判断.
Based on current understanding of oncogenesis, cancer is a genetic disease that arises from a clone of cells expanded in an unregulated fashion due to genomic instability and somatically acquired mutations. The stepwise progression from the early dysplastic lesions to malignant and metastatic tumors is often associated with an increased genomic instability. Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers overall. Among primary liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, as a major histological subtype, is associated with hepatitis B （HBV） or C virus （HCV） infection, alcohol consumption, obesity and food contamination. Although previous studies have revealed certain genetic and epigenetic changes occurred in HCCs, the pathogenesis of this cancer remains obscure. Recently, the functional genomic approaches, including whole genome and exome sequencing, and array-based comparative genomic hybridization, have been applied in HCC patients with different clinical features to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms involving the initiation and progression of this cancer. The genome-wide analysis of somatic genetic and epigenetic events facilitates the understanding of the pathogenesis and molecular classification of liver cancer, which would lay foundation for developing new therapeutics of HCC.
出处
《中国科学：生命科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第2期119-124,共6页
Scientia Sinica(Vitae)
关键词
肝癌
基因组不稳定性
突变
分子分型
hepatocellular carcinoma, genomic instability, mutations, molecular classification
