摘要
目的了解中学生体育锻炼现状及影响因素，为进一步完善健康教育和健康促进措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法利用心理测定量表调查3个城市3600名中学生体育锻炼行为，采用t检验、）c2检验分析中学生体育锻炼频率、体育锻炼行为变化阶段相关性，对体育锻炼行为的心理因素采用单因素方差分析。结果中学生每周锻炼时间为（2．66±1．801）d，81．4％的学生锻炼时间〈4d。5个行为阶段中37．3％的学生处于体育锻炼行为的前意向阶段，23．6％的学生处于意向阶段，20．5％的学生处于准备阶段，仅有18．6％的学生处于行动阶段和维持阶段，并随着变化阶段的提高学生体育锻炼时间有所增加；5个行为阶段间的改变策略（F=77．442，P〈0．001）、决策平衡正向效应（F=29．498，P〈0．001）、负向效应（F=14．784，P〈0．001）和自我效能（F=135．544，P〈0．001）得分的差异均有统计学意义；从前意向阶段到维持阶段改变策略、决策平衡正向效应、自我效能得分随着变化阶段的提高而增加，而决策平衡负向效应随着变化阶段的提高而减少。结论中学生每周体育锻炼时间不足，其锻炼行为存在阶段性差异，但大多数学生处于初级阶段；心理因素在不同变化阶段发挥作用不同，提示对不同体育锻炼阶段的学生采取不同的健康教育和心理干预措施，以提高健康促进效果。
Objective To study the situation of sports and its influencing factors among students in order to improve health related education and promotion programs. Methods A multi- stage random sampling method was used on 3 600 students from three cities to understand their physical exercise behavior. Both t and X2 test were used to measure the scale of psychology and to describe the time spent on exercise. Single variance factor was used to measure the levels of change on behavior of physical activities, psychological and physical exercise behaviors. Results The weekly exercise time for students was 2.66 ＋ 1.801 days, with 81.4% of the students less than four days. Data showed that 37.3%, 23.6%, 20.5% of the high school students were in pre-contemplation stage, in contemplation stage, or in preparation stage respectively, with only 18.6 percent of the high school students in the action phase and maintaining phase. Students in the stages of change increase the amount of physical exercises. Scores with statistically significant differences were seen in the following areas： between five stages of behavior change on strategies （F=77.442, P〈0.001） , forward effects on the balance of decision-making （F=29.498, P〈0.001）, having negative effects （F= 14.784, P〈0.001 ） and self-efficacy （F=135.544, P〈0.001 ）. Changing strategy on the intention stage of front maintenance phase, positive effects on decision-making balance and self-efficacy scores were increasing along with the increasing stages of changing. The effect of balancing the negative effects increased when the change of phase decreased. Conclusion Students were in lack of physical exercise per week. The differences related to the behavior on physical exercise did exist but most of the high school students were in the primary stage. Psychological factors played important role in the different stages of changing, suggesting that high school students should receive different health education and psychological intervention measures to enhance the effectiveness of physical exercise.
出处
《中华流行病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第2期138-141,共4页
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology
基金
国家自然科学基金（71273079）
教育部人文社会科学研究规划项目（11YJA880128）
关键词
体育锻炼
阶段变化
心理因素
中学生
Physical exercise
Stage change
Mental factors
Middle school students
