摘要
目的探讨和分析新旧注射吸毒者的人口学特征及HIV传播因素，为预防控制艾滋病流行提供科学依据。方法选取针具交换点和戒毒所新旧人群为研究对象，采用面对面问卷调查，问卷内容包括新旧人群的人口学特征、艾滋病相关知识、干预服务参号隋况、高危行为学特征及HIV传播影响因素。应用SPSS16．0软件进行统计分析。结果共调查474例注射吸毒者，其中新人群（注射吸毒≤5年）及旧人群（注射吸毒〉5年）分别为157例（33．1％）和317例（66．9％）。调查对象的HIV感染率为20．5％，HIV感染率与吸毒年限呈正相关趋势（_=0．83，P=0．004），且在5年内的变化速率最快。多因素Logistic回归模型结果显示，在〈30岁的新人群中，男性、重复使用及共用针具是HIV传播的影响因素；在30～40岁的旧人群中，男性、知晓共用注射辅助材料的危害及共用针具是HIV传播的影响因素；在〉40岁的旧人群中，男性、文化程度初中及以上、参加过针具交换及共用针具是HIV传播的影响因素。结论加强对新旧人群的宣传教育力度，倡导针具交换、有套性交、扩大干预服务覆盖面，知而信、信而行，是预防控制HIV传播与流行的有效措施。
Objective To explore population characteristics and predictors related to HIV transmission among new and long-term injection drug users （IDUs）, in order to provide scientific evidences for HIV/AIDS prevention. Methods A face-to-face questionnaire investigation was conducted among IDUs from communities and newly entered to compulsory detoxification center, focusing on demographic characteristics, HIV-related knowledge, participation in intervention serv- ices, high risk behaviors and predictors of HIV transmission. SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze data. Results Among 474 participants, new （ injecting for ~〈5 years） and long-term （ injecting for 〉 5 years） injectors were 157 （ 33.1%o ） and 317 （66.9%）, respectively. The overall rate of HIV infection was 20.5% , the rate was positively associated with the duration of drug use, and linear upward trend was observed within five years （rs = 0. 83, P = 0. 004 ）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that predictors for HIV transmission under 30 years old in new injectors included male, repeated using and sharing needles;between 30 to 40 years old in long-term injectors included male, aware of the danger of sharing injection auxiliary materials and sharing needles; over 40 years old in long-term injectors included male with educational level at or beyond junior school, needle exchange programs and sharing needles. Conclusions It is necessary to strengthen education among new and long-term IDUs, advocate needle exchange programs, intercourse with condom, and expand the coverage of preventive programs. To know the knowledge, to have the trust, and to practice may be more meaningful to prevent trans- mitting HIV.
出处
《中华疾病控制杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2014年第2期97-101,共5页
Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention
基金
广西自然科学基金重点项目(桂科自0728049)
