摘要
自20世纪50年代以来，作为沉积物搬运两大主要动力之一的重力流因其在记录地质事件、改造地表地貌和勘查油气资源方面的特殊意义而引起广泛关注。重力流研究历史经历了现象观测、概念体系建立、沉积模式建立、工业应用与质疑和碎屑流研究深化5个阶段。近期，以深海水下碎屑流为核心的研究重建了“砂质碎屑流”概念，新建立了以碎屑流细分为主要内容的3套重力流分类，提出并讨论了水下碎屑流“滑水”搬运机制特征、形成条件，系统分析沉积物浓度、粘土含量及成分对水下重力流性质及搬运沉积过程的影响。继20世纪60—70年代重力流研究热潮后，1996年以来水下碎屑流为主的研究再次掀起新一轮研究热潮。综合沉积物重力流研究现状、进展和当前油气工业勘探开发需求，指出未来水下碎屑流研究动态包括：①水下碎屑流成因分类体系的建立及重力流分类体系的完善；②实地观测与模拟实验结合下水下碎屑流发育机制深化；③重力流泥岩沉积机制及油气意义和④水下碎屑流主控型重力流沉积模式的建立及其在油气勘探开发中的应用。
Sediment gravity flow, one of the two most important attentions due to its significance in recording geological events, changing transport flows, has attracted widespread geomorphology and exploring hydrocarbon resources since 1950s. The history of sediment gravity flow study may be divided into five stage, i. e. , random observation, concepts system, sedimentary models, industrial application and crisis, debris flow study. In recent 20 years, great advances had been made in rebuilding of concept on sandy debris flow, classification schemes of sedimentary gravity flow on the basis of division of debris flows, ＂hydroplaning＂ transport mechanism and forming conditions systematic discussion based on clay contents and clay compositions. As a result, another research boom on sediment gravity flow was formed since 1996 after the first research boom in 1960/s and 1970 ＇s. The comprehensive analysis from progresses on theoretic research, experiment and industrial application of subaqueous debris flow and other gravity flows showed that four directions would be become the hotspots as following： （ 1 ） classification scheme of subaqueous debris flow and modification of classification of sediment gravity flows, （2） transportation and deposition mechanism study based on flume experiments restrained by modern submarine field observation, （3） muddy debrite and trubidite study and its significance in evaluation of hydrocarbon resources and （4） sedimentary models dominated by subaqueous debris flow and application to hydrocarbon exploration and production.
出处
《地质论评》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期39-51,共13页
Geological Review
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号41172104
41202078)
国家油气重大专项(编号2011ZX05009-002
2011ZX05014-001)
中国石油大学(北京)科研基金资助项目(编号KYJJ2012-01-06)的成果
关键词
水下碎屑流
重力流
浊流
搬运机制
分类体系
subaqueous debris flow
sediment gravity flows
turbidity current
transport mechanism
classification scheme
